This course is to teach students the tools and techniques for making engineering drawings. Students will gain the knowledge of hand drafting instruments and their use; orthographic projection; and principal views. Applications will include two-dimensional drawings using CAD software.

Introduction to semiconductor materials, pn- junction diode, DC analysis and models, zener diodes, Schottky diodes, diode circuits: rectifiers, regulators, clippers, clampers, and multiple diode circuits; BJT transistors: DC analysis, biasing, configurations, applications, The field-effect transistor: DC analysis, and JFET MOSFET, configurations, and application.

This course consists of hands-on and computer-aided laboratory exercises that explore topic areas from 12110312 Electrical Measurements. In this course, experiments with fundamental electric circuits illustrating the principles and limitations of basic electrical and electronic instrumentation in typical measurement applications are conducted. The following topics are covered in this module: introduction to basic electrical laboratory practice, design of experiments and safety procedures, principle of measurements, errors, accuracy, units of measurements and electrical standards, Q-meters, Watt-meters, semiconductor, digital voltmeters, X-Y recorders, temperature controllers, operational amplifiers, transducers, introduction to the design of electronic equipment for temperature measurement, resistance and liquid level.

الشحنة الكهربائية، المجال الكهربائي، قانون غاوس، فرق الجهد الكهربائي، المكثفات والمواد العازلة، التيار الكهربائي والمقاومة، قوانين أوم وكيرشوف، القوة الدافعة الكهربائية، المجال المغناطيسي، قانون أمبير، قانون فرادي، الحث الكهرومغناطيسي.

تجارب على توازن القوى، الحركة، السقوط الحر وحركة المقذوفات، القوة والحركة، قوانين نيوتن، الاحتكاك، الحركة الدورانية، الشغل، مبدأ حفظ الطاقة، مبدأ حفظ الزخم الخطي، عزم القصور الذاتي للاجسام.

Fundamentals of power systems generation, transmission, and distribution. Transformer principles, synchronous machines, transmission line parameters and calculations. Types of conductors, series resistance, series inductance of three-phase transmission lines and capacitances. Short, medium and long models of transmission lines. Power equations and calculation, series impedance of transmission lines capacitance of transmission lines, current and voltage relation on a transmission lines, system modeling, overhead line insulators, mechanics design of over head lines, underground cables. .

Practice on the following topics: : basic Logic gates, bistable multivibrators with focus on lateches and flip-flops. Code converter circuits, arithmetic circuits, counting circuits including synchronous and asynchronous counters, register circuits, multiplexers,demultiplexers, and Arithmatic Logic Unit(ALU).

.المعادلات التفاضلية عالية الرتبة، تحويل فورييه ، تحويل لابلاس ،المعادلات التفاضلية الجزئية ،التحليل العقدي ، تحليل معقد تمثيل هندسي ، تمثيل قطبي ، تمثيل أسي، المستوى المركب ، التكامل الخطي.

Solar radiation measurement ; Solar cell characteristics (V_ I) ; Solar panel connections ; battery charging; PV standalone systems; Grid-connected PV systems; solar tracking systems; Solar stations (Installation, visitings); Solar heating systems

Introduction to energy management ; Assessment of energy consumption ; Techniques for reducing energy consumption ; Energy recovery and management techniques of production and distribution systems ; Incentives and requirements for improving energy efficiency in the residential, commercial, transportation, and industrial sectors ; Methods for energy audit of the industrial and civil installations ;Energy Audit Instruments; Duties and responsibilities of energy auditors ;Energy conservation in boilers, steam turbines and industrial heating systems; Cogeneration and waste heat recovery; Thermal insulation; Heat exchangers and heat pumps; Building Energy Management ; Conservation in : electric motors , compressed air system , HVAC and refrigeration systems , pumps and pumping systems.

مساق اللغة الانجليزية 1 مساق نظري تقدمه جامعة فلسطين التقنية خضوري لجميع طلبة البكالوريوس و لجميع الكليات كمتطلب جامعة، ويهدف هذا المساق،عموما، الى تطوير مهارات الطلبة للغة الانجليزية الرئيسية والفرعية، حيث يزود الطلبة بمجموعة متنوعة من الانماط اللغوية، وانماط مختلفة من القواعد والبناءات والتراكيب اللغوية، والكلمات والتعاريف العامه، والتي عند اكتسابها ، تساعد الطالب على التواصل ذو المعنى ضمن المواقف والسياقات العامة والحياة اليومية. وهذا المساق موجه باتجاه اكساب الطلبة المهارات التي يحتاجون لاستيعاب النصوص ، والسياقات، والمواقف والتي لها علاقة بمواضيع الحياة اليومية. خلال هذا المساق، سوف يعرض للطلبة مجموعة متنوعة من المدخل السمعي لغاية توسعة وتعميق مهارة فهم المسموع، ومهارات التفكير الناقد. يتوقع من طلبة المساق اكتساب المهارات اللازمة والتي تمكنهم من التعبيرعن آرائهم حول الموضوعات والمشاكل اليومية بشكل شفوي وبشكل مكتوب ، مما يساعد في توسعة الافق الاكاديمي للطلبة .

التكامل المحدود، النظرية الاساسية في التفاضل والتكامل غير المحدود، تطبيقات على التكامل غير محدود، المساحة، حجم الدوران،الاقترانات الزائدية ،ا طرق التكامل :التكامل بالاجزاء، التعويض المثلثي، الكسور الجزئية، التعبيرات التربيعية، المنحنيات في المستوى، ، مساحة سطح الجسم الدوراني، والتكاملات المعتلة، المتتاليات والمتسسلسلات:التقارب والتباعد، المتسلسلات ذات الحدود الموجبة، المتسلسلات ذات الحدود المتناوبة، التقارب المطلق والمشروط، متسلسلات القوى ، الاشتقاق والتكامل، متسلسلات تيلور.

المتجهات، الحركة على خط مستقيم، الحركة في المستوى بما في ذلك حركة المقذوفات والحركة الدورانية المنتظمة، الديناميكا وقوانين نيوتن، الاحتكاك، الشغل والطاقة، مبدأ حفظ الطاقة، الزخم الخطي ومبدأ حفظه، التصادم المرن وغير المرن، كينماتيكا وديناميكا الحركة الدورانية، عزم القصور الذاتي، المرونة، الموائع.

الاخطاء ,نظرية تايلر , حل المعادلات ذات المتغير الواحد بطرق مختلفة, الاستكمال وطرق مختلفة فيه, التفاضل والتكامل العددي , حل المعادلات التفاضلية بطرق عددية .

Representation of signals and systems, Basic continuous and discrete time signals, Continuous and discrete time systems, Memory, causality, stability, inevitability, linearity, and time invariance. LTI systems, impulse response, Time domain analysis of CT systems convolution integral, Fourier series analysis of CT signals. Fourier transform analysis of CT signals , Properties of Fourier transform , Fourier transform of periodic signals , Frequency response , Energy and power spectral densities, Hilbert transform.

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Complement of the ' Introduction to Graduation Project' where a final report and presentation is required. A theoretical as well as practical discussion will be performed.

Global, regional and local wind systems; Wind energy conversion principles; Rotor characteristics; Maximum power coefficient; Tip speed ratio; Types and classification of different wind turbines. Power, torque and speed characteristics; Aerodynamic design principles; Aerodynamic theories; Axial momentum, blade element and combine theory;Wind turbine design considerations; Wind Energy Applications : Wind pumps, wind generators. Hydro power principles; Geothermal energy fundamentals; Biomass Energy; Other technologies for Reneweable Energy. Hybrid renewable energy systems.

يتناول المساق أحداث القضية الفلسطينية عبر أهم العصور، منذ الكنعانيين حتى العام 2021. ويركز على الفتح الإسلامي لفلسطين عام 15 هجري 636م، والاحتلال الصليبي عام 1099، وتحرير صلاح الدين الأيوبي لفلسطين عام 1187. كما ويتحدث عن العثمانيين في فلسطين منذ عام 1516 إلى 1917. ويهتم المساق بالقضية الفلسطينية في فترة الاحتلال البريطاني منذ عام 1917 وصولا إلى نكبة عام 1948، وقيام دولة الإحتلال. ويتناول المقاومة الفلسطينية وأهم الثورات خلال 100عام، والحروب العربية الاسرائيلية منذ عام 1948 إلى عام 2021 . كما ويتحدث المساق عن منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية، والحركات والفصائل الفلسطينية، والسلطة الفلسطينية، وأهم مشاريع التسوية السياسية، منذ إتفاقية كامب ديفيد عام 1978 حتى عام 2021. ويتناول المساق محاولات التهويد للقدس المحتلة، والمسجد الأقصى منذ النكسة الفلسطينية عام 1967 حتى عام 2021، وقضية اللاجئين الفلسطينيين منذ العام 1948. ويستشرف المساق مستقبل القضية الفلسطينية.

يهدف هذا المساق الى ترسيخ مفهوم الثقافة الإسلامية، وتعريف الطالب بمفاهيم ثقافية وفكريّة سليمة حول مصادر الإسلام، والعقيدة الإسلامية وأركانها، والشريعة الإسلامية التي تنظّم جميع جوانب الحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية، كما أنّه يوضّح موقف الإسلام من عدد من القضايا الفكريّة المعاصرة، فضلاً عن التعريف بأهمّ التحديّات التي تواجه الإسلام وثقافته.

The unit of charge. Current voltage and power, types of circuits and circuit elements. Ohms law. KVL and KCL, single –loop and single node – pair circuits resistance and source combination. Nodal and mesh analysis, source transformations, superposition, Thevenins and Norton. The inductor, V-I relationships for the inductor, capacitors, V-I for the capacitor. Source free RL and RC. Step response for RL and RC. Natural and step response of RLC circuits

Traditional Control Systems; Logic controllers; Programmable logic controllers definition and applications; Digital Input/ Output; Installation of PLC systems; Environment considerations; Combinational systems implementation; Function Blocks, Instruction list , Ladder , and Sequential Functional Charts (SFC) programming; Translation between programming languages.

Power electronic circuits (half wave , full wave , single phase , three phase rectifiers . Thyristor circuits. Power diode circuits, Chopper circuits. Inverter circuits. Different applications. .

المعادلات الخطية وحلها ، المصفوفات ، المحددات ، الفراغات المتجهة والفراغات الفرعية ، التحويل الخطي ، قيم eigenvalues وeigenvectors، تشابه المصفوفات المربعة ، المصفوفات القطرية. حل المعادلات التفاضلية من الدرجتين الاولى و الثانية و نظريات الوجود و التفرد لها.

This course includes the integrated treatment of continuous wave modulation, AM and FM, and their different types, also this course covers pulse modulation and discussed the process of sampling, quantization and coding, PCM, delta modulation, pulse position modulation. And also the baseband pulse transmission.

system design using integration networks, and phase-lag design using the root Locus. Frequency response methods and stability in the frequency domain: mapping contours in the s-plane, the Nyquist criterion, relative stability and the Nyquist criterion, the stability of control systems with time delay, and PID controllers in the frequency domain. The design of state variable feedback systems: controllability and observability, full-state feedback control design, observer design, integrated full-state feedback and observer, and reference inputs.

This course is intended to provide students an overview on energy storage schemes/devices with major focus on electrochemical storages including ionic batteries, fuel cells and super-capacitors. The course will cover operating principles, physics behind them, characterization methods and advantages/issues of each scheme. Analysis of thermal storage models; storage materials and heat transfer fluids; Thermal storage applications.

يهدف المساق إلى تنمية قدرات الطلاب المعرفية في مهارات الاتصال باللغة العربية المتعلقة بالتحدث والقراءة والكتابة والاستماع من خلال التعريف بمستويات اللغة العربية وإتقان استخدام المعاجم العربية الشائعة ومعرفة الأخطاء الشائعة اللغوية والإملائية والنحوية والاطلاع على نماذج أدبية عربية قديمة وحديثة إضافة للنموذج الأعلى القرآن الكريم.

يقوم الطلبة بأعمال تطوعية مثل التبرع بالدم أو ترميم البيوت أو مسارات سياحية أو عقد ورشات تثقيفية في الجامعة ، ويلتزم الطالب بالتدريب أو العمل لمدة 40 ساعة زمنية.

النهايات والاتصال قواعد الاشتقاق الممسات و المتعامدات، المعادلات المرتبطة بالزمن، نظرية القيم المتوسطة وتطبيقات عليها، الصيغ غير معينة (?/?،0/0) وقاعدة لوبيتال، المحاذيات الافقية والعمودية، القيم القصوى المحلية، التقعر، رسم المنحنيات . الاقترانات المتسامية :الاقترانات الاسية واللوغارتيمية,الاقترانات , معكوسها .

Units. The unit of charge. Current voltage and power, types of circuits and circuit elements. Ohms law. KVL and KCL, single –loop and single node – pair circuits resistance and source combination. Nodal and mesh analysis, source transformations, superposition, Thevenins and Norton. The inductor, V-I relationships for the inductor, capacitors, V-I for the capacitor. Source free RL and RC. Step response for RL and RC. Natural and step response of RLC circuits

Microprocessors and Microcontroller Systems: microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory, input/output, busses (data, address, control). Microprocessor and Microcontroller Architecture: internal structure, ALU, registers, flags, interrupts and I/O ports. Programming: instruction set, assembly language, programming techniques. Subroutines, addressing modes. Examples of microprocessors and microcontrollers in engineering applications.

Introduction to machinery principles, magnetic field, Induced e.m.f, transformers: Equivalent circuit, transformer tests, current transformer; DC machines: construction, armature windings, armature reaction. DC generators, DC motors.

Device Specifications, Logic Functions Programming, Connection & Programming of different control circuits using different PLC Languages( Statement List, Ladder, Grafcet ); Programming certain simulators in a lab ; Practice on translation between programming languages.

Computer Programming is an introduction to the automated processing of information, including computer programming. This course gives students the conceptual background necessary to understand and construct programs, including the ability to specify computations, understand evaluation models, and utilize major constructs such as functions and procedures, data storage, conditionals, recursion and looping. At the end of this course, students should be able to read and write small programs in the language of C++ in response to a given problem or scenario, preparing them to continue on to Object Oriented Programming. The knowledge and skills acquired and practiced will enable students to successfully perform and interact in a technology-driven society. Students enhance reading, writing, computing, communication, and reasoning skills and apply them to the information technology environment.

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Synchronous Generator: Rotating magnetic fields, emf equations, 3-phase alternator, steady-state performance, Mathematical representation of cylindrical rotor and salient pole synchronous machine characteristics. Synchronising torque, infinite bus and parallel operation. Synchronous motor: construction, characteristics, circuit diagram, Method of starting. Three phase Induction motor: construction, characteristic, circuit diagram of induction motors. Torque/slip relation, speed control. Induction generators. Single-phase induction motor: universal motor, reluctance motors, applications. Protection of machines.

Admittance model and network calculations, Y-bus build up and modification, power flow solutions: Gauss Seidel, Newton Raphason, fast decoupled method, power flow studies and analysis in design and operation and short circuit calculations. Simulation assignments are required. .

Operational Amplifiers Applications, Differential Amplifiers, FET Amplifiers, Power Amplifiers, Amplifiers Frequency Response, Bode-Plots, Special Purpose OP-AMP Circuits, and Active Filters. Special Purpose Diodes and Transistors, Multi- Vibrators.

The fundamentals of conventional energy sources used in buildings; renewable technology; policies and drivers that are leading to the more widespread uptake of low carbon building technologies; low carbon building codes, global policies and planning from the past, present and future. Integrated design: urban microclimate design, passive architectural interventions, active interventions. Low carbon buildings design and operation.

انجليزي استدراكي 15200099: يركز هذا المساق بشكل أساسي على تنمية مهارات الطلبة في تعلم اللغة من خلال تزويد الطلاب بالمهارات الأساسية اللازمة للتواصل الناجح في كل من الأشكال الشفوية والمكتوبة للغة، بالإضافة إلى القواعد النحوية وكيفية استخدام المفردات في سياق ذي معنى.

يهدف هذا المساق لتعريف الطلاب بتاريخ وتطور الحواسيب وأجيالها، فهم فكرة عمل الحاسوب و ارتباط مكوناته المادية والبرمجية بذلك. و من المواضيع التي يتم طرحها في هذا المساق: المفاهيم الأساسية الخاصة بتكنولوجيا المعلومات، المكونات المادية والبرمجة للحاسوب،ذاكرة الحاسوب، تمثيل البيانات، أنظمة الأعداد، نظم التشغيل، شبكات الحاسوب و شبكة الانترنت, قواعد البيانات, أخلاقيات الحاسوب، كتابة الخوارزميات ورسم مخطط تدفق البيانات. كما يتم تدريب الطلاب على آخر الإصدارات من برمجيات الحاسوب الأساسية Microsoft office.

تجارب على الجلفانوميتر واستخداماته، قانون أوم، الجهد والمجال الكهربائي، المكثفات، قنطرة وتستون ومجزىء الجهد، القوة الدافعة الكهربائية، قانون كيرشوف، دارات المقاومات والمكثفات والملفات.

This course is an introductory experimental laboratory that explores basic topics in electronics: Rectifier diodes, characteristics representation of diodes of different semiconductor materials, half-wave rectifier and bridge rectifier. Special purpose didoes, LED, Zener characteristics, Series and series-opposed circuit of Zener diodes, DC and AC voltage limitations and overload protection with Zener diodes. Bipolar transistors, testing and rectifying behavior, control characteristics, feedback characteristics and amplifier circuits. JFET and MOSFET.

properties of pure substances, system state and thermodynamic processes. The course provides briefly students with an introduction to the fundamental principles of heat transfer modes. The covered topics also include brief analysis of heat engines, heat pumps, refrigeration cycles, simple steam power plants, air separation plants, fuel cells and gas turbines. Irreversibility, entropy, Carnot cycle, Otto cycle and some other power cycles are also discussed.

Introduction to energy systems : conventional and renewable energy resources ; Solar Spectrum, Solar Time and angles, day length, angle of incidence on tilted surface; Sun path diagram; Shadow angle protractor;Solar Radiation ; Extraterrestrial Radiation; Effect of earth atmosphere; Estimation of solar radiation on horizontal and tilted surfaces; Measurement of solar radiation; Solar radiation calculations.Photovoltaic fundamentals; Solar Cell Physics; The Photovoltaic Effect, Dark and illumination characteristics; Figure of merits of solar cell; Efficiency limits; Variation of efficiency with band-gap and temperature; Efficiency measurements; High efficiency cells.Equivalent Circuit of the Solar Cell, Analysis of PV Cells: Types of Solar cells. Solar Cell Fabrication Technology. Solar Photovoltaic System Design; Maximum tracking; Centralized and decentralized SPV systems; Stand alone, hybrid and, grid connected system.The Recent developments in Solar cells, Role of nano-technology in Solar cells.Wind speed analysis; Wind turbine energy, power, torque and speed characteristics.Solar heater systems: Design, amount of heat.

Wind speed measurements; Wind turbine characteristics.

.مساق اللغة الانجليزية 2 مساق نظري تقدمه جامعة فلسطين التقنية خضوري للطلاب في كليات العلوم والهندسة وكذلك طلاب تكنولوجيا التعليم؛ يقدم المساق لمحة عامة عن مهارات تعلم اللغة الإنجليزية في القراءة والكتابة والتحدث والتي ستمكنهم من التواصل بشكل هادف في السياقات والمواقف العلمية. كما يقدم مجموعة متنوعة من الأنماط النحوية للغة العلمية وعناصر المفردات اللازمة لفهم السياقات والاتجاهات العلمية. خلال هذا المساق، سيتعرض الطلاب لمجموعة متنوعة من الموضوعات العلمية والمدخلات السمعية من أجل توسيع وتعميق مهارات التفكير النقدي لديهم ومساعدتهم على التعبير عن آرائهم حول الموضوعات والمشكلات العلمية الحديثة.

This course aims to promote the breadth of scientific endeavour, the integrated nature of scientific disciplines, the importance of scientific process and critical thinking. The course includes discussions about how data, information, knowledge and decision-making relate to research. The course also focuses on the theoretical considerations involved in the first stage of the research process: formulating the research problem and research questions, hypotheses or objectives. Tips on writing research questions and developing hypotheses are provided. Students are expected to examine a series of scientific issues, dealing with medical, environmental, social and other issues. This course is taught using a combination of scientific discussion, self-directed learning, student presentations, class activities and a research assignment.

Resistors and resistive circuits; potentiometers; KVL, KCL, superposition principle; Thevenin’s theorem and maximum power transfer; RLC current and voltage characteristics; frequency response of RL, RC and RLC circuits; series and parallel resonant circuits; transient response.

Resistors and resistive circuits; potentiometers; KVL, KCL, superposition principle; Thevenin’s theorem and maximum power transfer; RLC current and voltage characteristics; frequency response of RL, RC and RLC circuits; series and parallel resonant circuits; transient response.

Basic BJT amplifiers: amplifier configurations, multistage amplifiers, basic FET- amplifiers: amplifier configurations, multistage amplifiers; Frequency response of transistor amplifiers; Operational amplifier: characteristics, application; Differential amplifiers. .

Electrical wiring symbols. Regulations for installing electrical components, circuits and equipment for power and lighting. Distribution of supplies in buildings and industry. Installation methods. Loads, cables, determining cable routes. Cable enclosures, raisers, trenches, ducts, trays, etc. Indoor substations, cubicles, distribution boards and site selection for their installations. Earthing

A group of students apply their theoretical knowledge gained throughout their study to design and build a certain circuit/device to perform a specific function under the supervision of one of the instructors at the department. A final report and presentation are required.

This is a mid-level course in engineering mechanics which is concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces. Topics covered are kinematics and kinetics of both particles and rigid bodies.

In this module, students are expected to learn about the definition of control systems, Laplace transform, mathematical modelling of control systems, open and closed loops (feedback) control systems. In addition, the modelling of physical systems: electrical, mechanical and hydraulic systems is covered. Not only that, but also system representations which includes system block diagrams and signal flow graphs is discussed. Other topics covered include state variable models, feedback control system characteristics, performance of feedback control systems, Routh-Hurwitz stability, steady state error coefficient and Rout locus method.

Simulation software used to design renewable energy systems based on : PV stand alone or grid connected systems , wind systems , hybrid systems with and without diesel generators with and without storage system . Economical evaluation of the system to choose the optimal.

Choice of power generation; Load & Load duration curves; Load factor; Diversity factor; Load deviation curve; Load management; Number and size of generating unit; Cost of electrical energy; Tariff-Power factor improvement ; Thermal power stations : types , elements , site selection , Instrumentation and control ; Gas turbine power plant ; Combined cycle power plant ; Principle of cogeneration ; Technical options for cogeneration, Classification of cogeneration systems, Factors influencing cogeneration choice ; Hydropower Plant : Classification, components, turbines- characteristics and their selection ; Nuclear power plant ; Diesel-electric Power Plant.

Recent topics in sustainable and renewable Energy covered by a visiting professor or a department faculty member

Energy production and consumption, with some national statistics; Energy resources, including fossil fuels and Renewable Energy resources; Extraction, conversion, and transmission technologies (e.g., engines, turbines, generators); Environmental impacts of fuel consumption; Some current national and international policies, climate change.Pollution due to thermal power station and their control. Pollution due to nuclear power generation, radioactive waste and its disposal. Effect of hydroelectric power stations on ecology and environment. Effect of Hydro-electric power stations on ecology and environment. Primary and secondary pollution, air, thermal and water pollution, depletion of ozone layer, global warming, acid rain biological damage due to environmental degradation. Technology Assessment / Environmental Audit; Ecological Impact Assessment; Social Impact Assessment; Strategic Impact Assessment; Modeling in EIA and conclude with a Case Study.

The course will provide students with a working knowledge of fundamentals, design, analysis and development of Smart Grid. The course offers an introduction to the basic concepts of power systems along with the inherent elements of computational intelligence, communication technology and decision support system. The automation and computational techniques needed to ensure that the Smart Grid guarantees adaptability and capability of handling new systems and components are discussed. The interoperability of different renewable energy sources are included to ensure that there will be minimum changes in the existing legacy system. Standards and requirements needed for designing new devices, systems and products for the Smart Grid are discussed. Power flow analysis and optimization schemes needed for the generation, transmission, distribution, demand response, and reconfiguration is explained in detail and simulation tools such as Matlab and Paladin are used.

Hydrogen Production Methods: From fossil fuels, electrolysis, thermal decomposition, photochemical, photo catalytic, hybrid; Hydrogen Storage Methods: Metal hydrides, Metallic alloy hydrides, Carbon nano-tubes, Fuel cell basics : Definition, difference between batteries and fuel cells , performance characteristics of fuel cells, efficiency of fuel cell, fuel cell power plant , types of fuel cells . An introduction to hydrocarbon fuels - their availability and effect on environment: Gasoline and Diesel self-ignition characteristics, octane number, cetane number; Alternative fuels: Liquid and gaseous fuels, physico-chemical characteristics; Alternative Liquid Fuels. Fuel composition, Fuel Induction techniques. Biodiesel formulation techniques, application in diesel engines. Compressed Natural Gas components. Hydrogen combustion characteristics. Biogas, Producer gas and their characteristics.

The following topics are covered in this course: definition of electrical drives, DC and AC drives, speed –torque characteristics, quadrant of operation, phase-controlled DC drives, chopper controlled DC drives, frequency control of AC drives, open loop and closed loop control of speed, current and position and flux weakening.

.This course aims to provide students with Workshop principles basics, safety measures and precautions. Also it aims to provide students with basic manual skills in dealing with measuring equipments, manual sheet cutting operations, manual metal sawing and filing, Riveting process, manual threading, electrical metal welding, and Lathe cutting processes.

Review of vector analysis, electrostatic fields, magneto-static field concepts, EM fields in vacuum and material bodies, dielectric properties of materials, electro static energy and forces, steady currents and conductors. Static magnetic fields in vacuum and in materials, magnetic energy and forces. Maxwell’s equations in time varying fields.

Axiomatic definition of probability spaces, combinational methods, conditional probability, product spaces, random variables, distribution and density functions, multivariate distributions, conditional distributions and densities, independent RVs, functions of RVs, expected values, moments and characteristic functions, joint and marginal distributions, generating functions.

Study of microcontroller architecture, I/O input /output, timers, interrupt structures, analog-to-digital converters, capture compare and PWM modules. Testing and evaluation of microcontrollers based systems. Design and development of complete microcontrollers based digital systems (project).

Power semiconductor devices: Diodes, Thyristors, Controllable switches such as GTO, MOSFETS, protection of devices and circuits, single–phase and three-phase uncontrolled and phase-controlled rectifiers, dc-dc switch mode converter, and dc-ac inverters.

In this module, the most important principles of electrical measurements in general are discussed such as obtaining voltages and currents using the appropriate instruments and connections as well as understanding and minimising sources of error. Furthermore, selected electrical measurement methods used to obtain chemical and physical information of liquids, solids, and interfaces are covered. In particular, the following topics are discussed in this module: measurement and error, systems of units of measurement, standards of measurement, electromechanical indicating instruments, bridge measurements, oscilloscope, signal generation, transducers, digital Multimeter and frequency meters, electronic measurement, static and dynamic characteristics of measuring devices, signal sources and data acquisition principles, data analysis, electric and magnetic fields, sensors used for mechanical quantities in addition to sensor signal processing and conditioning algorithms, sensors installations and sensors interfacing to electronic systems.

Addition and multiplication of signals, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), Filter circuits, AM modulation and demodulation, DSB-SC, SSB, FM modulation and demodulation, TDM, FDM. Pulse modulation, line codes (encoders and decoders), sampling process, pulse amplitude modulation, ASK, FSK, PSK modulation and demodulation.

This course consists of hands-on and computer-aided laboratory exercises that explore topic areas from 12110317 Electrical Machines. Transformers, DC motors, synchronous generators, synchronous motors, 1-ph motors and 3-ph induction motors are all studied experimentally in this module. .

Discrete convolution, Fourier transform analysis of discrete time signals and systems, DTFT, DFT and FFT. Z-transform analysis of discrete time signals and systems, implementation of discrete time systems, FIR systems, IIR systems, design of IIR filters from analog filters

Reference Models (OSI, TCP/IP), Example Networks. Physical Layer; Data link layer. The Network Layer. The Transport Layer The Application Layer