English 1 is a theoretical, 3-credit hour university requisite, and a general English Course which is designed to serve all BA and BSc Students of (PTUK) in all faculties. This course aims at developing students’ repertoire of the English language main skills as well as sub-skills through providing them with broad varieties of language patterns, grammatical and structural rules, and vocabulary items that can enable them to communicate meaningfully within ordinary and real-life contexts and situations. This course is also oriented towards equipping students with the skills they need to comprehend texts, contexts, and situations that are related to ordinary and real-life topics. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a wide and various aural inputs in order to broaden and deepen their skills in listening, judgment, and critical thinking. Students of this course are expected to acquire and practice the skills they need to maximize their capabilities to express opinions about ordinary and real life topics both orally and in a written format, which will help in widening the students’ academic horizon.

The course includes letters - introductions - numbers - ordinal numbers - demonstrative pronouns - plural forms - nationalities and languages - nominal sentences in affirmation and negation - family description - prepositions - present tense in its cases - self-introduction - adjectives - courtesies - description of the house and its contents - dialogues in the hotel at the seller... words and their antonyms - words and their synonyms - past tense - months - days of the week - the four seasons

This course addresses general legal concepts and the development of applicable laws in Palestine, as well as the sources and types of legal rules, in addition to the relationship between law and society. It focuses on the rights and duties of individuals in the Palestinian Basic Law and ordinary laws, presenting practical examples from the local reality, and aims to develop legal awareness among students and empower them to understand the legal issues that affect their personal and professional lives.

The course aims to raise awareness of self-employment as a career choice, promote the means of self-development, provide technical and commercial skills to launch, promote and manage commercial projects. The course also included many activities based on interaction with the community and the market in innovation, creativity, communication, networking, leadership, presentation, building and presenting business plans, and adopted innovative and creative evaluation methods for the course.

This course aims to develop communication and professional communication skills by improving interaction with others, influencing them, and enhancing self-confidence through communication. It also aims to improve skills in overcoming barriers to professional communication and enhancing the communication process with the professional community. The concept of communication in professional work includes the components of communication, its elements, types, forms, and patterns, as well as the network of relationships and the foundations of professional work, in addition to tactics and obstacles in professional work, methods and skills of professional communication, types of employees, and how to deal with them.

Laboratory experiments illustrate the concepts of general chemistry II such as electrochemistry, determination of a rate law, spectrophotometric determination of an equilibrium constant, buffer solutions, colligative properties of solutions

The course includes studies of quantum mechanics, atomic and molecular structures, ionic compounds, covalent compounds, molecular orbital theory, acid-base theory, non-aqueous solvents, inorganic thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and a survey of chemical forces.

A course designed for quantitative identification of organic compounds with emphasis on the spectrometric techniques of proton magnetic resonance, 1H, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy.

Students perform voluntary work such as donating blood, repairing homes, tourist trails, or holding educational workshops at the university, and the student is committed to training or working for 40 hours.

Recognize the historical development and origins of the concept of democracy and its types, and ways to diagnose the reasons for the decline in the practice of democracy in the political systems of countries and how to solve them. And recognize the characteristics of the components of democracy and establish its correct foundations in the political systems of countries, in order to ensure that its citizens enjoy its outputs and arm themselves with the force of law to defend the privileges stemming from it and build a free society that believes in its full and undiminished rights and the duties assigned to it in order to protect the political system from regression, disintegration and chaos. Identify the most important relationships between democracy, human rights, and civil society organizations, through the influence and impact between them, what are the outcomes and results of these relationships, and how they contribute to building a democratic society in which the political system guarantees public rights and freedoms. To enable individuals to participate effectively in choosing the form of government that achieves the foundations of coexistence, understanding, tolerance and respect among the people of the same people with different ideological, religious, linguistic and ethnic orientations.

Measurement and system of units, vectors, motion in one and two dimensions, particle dynamics and Newton's laws of motion, work and energy, conservation of energy, dynamics of system of particles, center of mass, conservation of linear momentum, collisions, impulse, rotational kinematics, rotational dynamics, conservation of angular momentum.

Laboratory safety and basic laboratory techniques, empirical formula of a compound, limiting reactant, molecular weight of a volatile liquid, acid base titration; oxidation reduction titration, water of hydration, percentage composition, gas properties.

This is the second of two general chemistry courses. It builds upon the foundation of chemical bonding concepts laid out in the first course, and applies these to important topics in chemistry. Material covered includes solutions, chemical kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry.

The ideal solution and colligative properties, the ideal dilute solution, equilibrium between condensed phases, equilibrium in non ideal systems, equilibrium in electrochemical cells, chemical kinetics : empirical laws and mechanism, chemical kinetics: theoretical aspects; activation energy, collision theory, the theory of absolute reaction rate, Gibbs energy and entropy of activation, heterogeneous reactions.

Materials will be discussed as to: sources, chemistry, methods of preparation, types, and applications. The raw materials will mainly include fats and oils, surface active agents, and additives such as phosphates, alkanol amides, silicates, brighteners, foam boosters, preservatives, thickening agents, colorants and perfumes. compounding formulations will be presented which will include olive oil-based body soaps, liquid bathroom cleaners, glass cleaners and metal cleaners. Visits to local detergent and soap industries are planned.

It includes and includes the study and preparation of industrially important materials (soaps, detergents, shampoos, creams, juices, jam, cheese, essential oils) and quality checks related to these products and others (such as oil and milk tests

This course deals with the historical and current sequence of Jerusalem and the possibility of analyzing the future path and identifying the political developments and dimensions of the Jerusalem issue in a comprehensive and objective manner since the ancient history related to the first presence of the human race in Palestine, ending with the latest political developments. The course includes 6 chapters distributed as follows: The geography of Jerusalem, Jerusalem in ancient times, Jerusalem in the Iron Age, Jerusalem in the Islamic era, Jerusalem under Ottoman rule, and Jerusalem in the 21st century.

antiderivatives; the indefinite integral; the definite integral; the fundamental theorem of calculus ; the area under a curve; the area between two curves.Techniques of integration: integration by substitution; integration by parts, integrating powers of trigonometric functions, trigonometric substitutions, integrating rational functions, partial fractions, rationalization, miscellaneous substitution; improper integrals; application of definite integral: volumes, length of a plane curve, area of a surface of revolution infinite series: sequences, infinite series, convergence tests, absolute convergence, conditional convergence; alternating series; power series: Taylor and Maclurine series, differentiation and integration of power series:

Principles from Thermodynamic principles will be employed in the laboratory for determining and relating physical properties such as viscosity, surface tension, boiling and freezing points to the identity, and composition of chemical substances.

Students will learn the different methods of analysis of non- organic compound

Will cover plant and animal cells and tissue. How cell structure correlate to its function. Studying models for body system

The course aims to develop the students’ cognitive abilities and communication skills in Arabic language by introducing Arabic dictionaries, spelling and grammatical errors, and familiarizing them with ancient and modern Arabic literary models including models from the Holy Qur’an.

This course includes the most important issues facing humanity that affect people individually and collectively in the social, economic, political and health aspects and affect their happiness and some of these issues affect the continuation and survival of the human race and can be generalized under the following headings: Globalization and the capitalist system

This course aims to introduce students to the concept of corruption, its forms, causes, and repercussions on society and the state, with a focus on the legal and institutional environment for combating corruption in Palestine. The course addresses the legal framework for combating corruption, including the Palestinian Anti-Corruption Law, the role of the Anti-Corruption Commission, the Public Prosecution, the judiciary, and oversight institutions, and discusses relevant international conventions, such as the United Nations Convention against Corruption, and their compatibility with Palestinian legislation, and analyzes the most important crimes related to corruption, such as bribery, abuse of public office, illicit enrichment, and money laundering.

The course is considered to be an optional university requirement, as studying this course enables an understanding of human creation through learning about the concepts of social upbringing, its goals, conditions, characteristics, and function, and the life cycle of a person from birth to his death, and the most important theories that explained that. The course also allows students to get acquainted with the Social upbringing institutions and its roles, and the family and how it is formed and built through marriage and ways of marital selection for its success and avoiding marital failure.

The student gets acquainted with the types of vehicles, their classification, and the types of circuit in them. The student also learns about the components, types, and characteristics of the power transmission group, starting from the clutch engine, speed box, shaft, operation group, and even the wheels.

programming language and to provide students with the ability to write simple correct programs. Topics to be covered include: I/O, data types, function definition, visibility and storage classes, parameter passing, loops, arrays, pointers, strings, files, introducing classes and objects, constructors and destructors, function prototypes, private and public access, and class implementation. programming language and to provide students with the ability to write simple correct programs. Topics to be covered include: I/O, data types, function definition, visibility and storage classes, parameter passing, loops, arrays, pointers, strings, files, introducing classes and objects, constructors and destructors, function prototypes, private and public access, and class implementation. programming language and to provide students with the ability to write simple correct programs. Topics to be covered include: I/O, data types, function definition, visibility and storage classes, parameter passing, loops, arrays, pointers, strings, files, introducing classes and objects, constructors and destructors, function prototypes, private and public access, and class implementation.

This course contains training at local industries:

Advanced inorganic chemistry (organometallic chemistry course): Definition, properties, nomenclature, classification and stability of organometallic compounds, organometallic compounds of selected elements of the first three periods, organometallic compounds of the transition elements: classification of ligands and theories of bonding, Ligands discussed include alkyl, alkyldienes, allyls dienes, five and six-electron donors.

This course will connect organic chemistry in the classroom with industry. It will survey the source and uses of industrial raw materials of organic origin. The course will also cover exploration and refining of petroleum and gas, the chemistry and processes by which petroleum and natural gases are converted into selected commodities like fertilizers, lube oil and polymers.

The course provides students with a general introduction to the chemical properties of nanomaterials and the chemical principles behind nanoscale phenomena related to nanomaterials. Topics covered include the chemical composition of nanomaterials, bioenergy and kinetics, interaction, catalysis, characterization as well as chemical methods used in nanoscale manufacturing

This course deals with the nature of the international community and defines its concepts, the emergence of the science of international relations, with a focus on its nature, its concepts, contents, interests and the problematic relationship with other social sciences. Ultimately, determining what the international person is, as an entry to understand the multiplicity of people of this community and their explanation, through a number of significant criteria in order to determine the status and role of each of them on the international arena

This course is an a university elective requisite that is offered to all specializations. This course addresses library studies in a contextual introductory way which will prepare and help the student understand the nature of using libraries through studying the history of libraries, bibliography, indexing ,and classification, especially , Dewey's Decimal classification, the congress system so as – for the student- to be able to get the resources of knowledge heshe wants through acquiring the needed knowledge of using libraries and the skill in retrieving data which is offered to him her .

Functions: domain, operations on functions, graphs of functions; trigonometric functions; limits: meaning of a limit, computational techniques, limits at infinity, infinite limits ;continuity; limits and continuity of trigonometric functions; the derivative: techniques of differentiation, derivatives of trigonometric functions; the chain rule; implicit differentiation; differentials; Roll’s Theorem; the mean value theorem; the extended mean value theorem; L’Hopital’s rule; increasing and decreasing functions; concavity; maximum and minimum values of a function; graphs of functions including rational functions (asymptotes) and functions with vertical tangents (cusps);

Experiments on balance of forces, motion, free fall and motion of projectiles, force and motion, Newton's laws, friction, rotational motion, work, the principle of conservation of energy, the principle of conservation of linear momentum, the moment of inertia of bodies.

Conducting experiments like how to use the microscope. studying different type of cells (prokaryote and eukaryote) structure and function including cell diffusion, organic compounds and enzymes

Structure determination: mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, conjugated dienes and ultraviolet spectroscopy, benzene and aromaticity, chemistry of benzene : electrophilic aromatic substitution, alcohols and thiols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones : nucleophilic addition reactions, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid derivatives and nucleophilic acyl substituion reactions, carbonyl condensation reactions, aliphatic amines, aryl amines and phenols.

Thermodynamics: Enthalpy and first law, work and heat, chemical thermodynamics: Entropy and the second and third law. Irreversible processes, Gibbs free energy, thermodynamic relations, energy changes, chemical equilibria, phases and solutions, phase equilibria, real gases.

Through the study of this introductory course, the students will be introduced to determine the concentration of non-organic compounds in biological, environmental and food samples. Sampling, error and statistical analysis as applied to analytical chemistry. Specific analytical techniques or concepts covered are gravimetric, complex metric, volumetric, analysis such as acid-base titration and standardization, oxidation-reduction, and precipitation titration.

Classification and nomenclature of polymers; polymer structure and physical properties, methods of molecular weight determination, polymers in solution and viscosity of dilute polymer solutions, step reaction polymerization, chain reaction polymerization, copolymerization, technology of polymerization processes.

In this course, the student is involved in performing scientific research in a specific field under the guidance of a chemistry professor and is trained to apply basic principles in scientific research, including the use of laboratory devices and the scientific method in research. The student should submit a brief scientific report on his research in addition to a seminar (short lecture) on the same topic.

The course will lead to an understanding of the interaction between natural systems and human activities, biogeochemical cycles, the part played by major elements found in living matter, the earth's crust and the atmosphere, and the effect of minor elements and organic compounds in environmental problems: for example, acid rain, global warming, health effects of pollution. Emphasis will be on Palestanain problems.

Chemistry and its importance for technology of Industry, Importance of metals in human life, industrial extraction of metals, alloys: Properties and uses. Preparation of important inorganic compounds (sodium hydroxide, chlorine, hydrogen, acids, glass. cement). Chemical fertilizers: nitrogen and phosphate, preparation and uses, herbicides: types, advantages and limitations. Petroleum as important energy source,its derivatives and refinery, polymers and plastics, paints, dyes and detergents. Chemistry and human health, drugs and medicines, anti-acids, antibiotics, heart-diseases drugs and anti cancer drugs.

A course related to raw materials, main food industries, methods used in food production, processing and storage, food additives (such as flavorings, flavorings, preservatives, colorings, local materials ... etc.) Food analysis using modern technologies

The course includes the study of the relationship between quantum chemistry and quantum mechanics, the basic principles recognized in the subject of quantum mechanics, the Schr?dinger equation, the hypothesis of a particle inside a closed box, mathematical relationships in the study of the atomic wave phenomenon, the theory of Russell-Sanders coupling and its relationship to the theory of perturbation, then the study of mathematical relations for molecular waves.

The in-depth examination of specific topics covers various subjects in analytical chemistry. The nature of the topic selected and its treatment determined in consultation with the instructor.

This is the first of two general chemistry courses. It introduces the basic principles of chemistry and shows students how chemists describe matter. It revolves around bonding, the most central concept in chemistry. Material covered includes introduction to chemical calculations, stoichiometry and simple reactions, gases, thermochemistry, atomic structure, the periodic table, types of bonding, liquids and solids.

Aliphatic Amines, Phenols and aromatic amines, Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions, Carbonyl Condensation Reactions, Electrophilic reactions of unsaturated carbonyl compounds, Molecular orbital, Rearrangements,Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Heterocyclic compounds, Carbohydrates, Fats, Amino acids and proteins.

Melting points, boiling points and distillation, crystallization, extraction and drying agents, steam distillation, adsorption chromatography, chemistry of alcohol's, ethyl bromide and alkyl halide, aromatic nitro compounds.

The basic chemistry of drugs will include typical synthetic approaches which will include oxidation, reduction, cyclization, and condensation reactions. This course will include visits to drug factories that will provide training opportunities for the students

It includes an introduction to the technology of chemical industries through which chemical reactors, important devices and industrial processes used for production and purification are identified and planned in various fields, especially in petrochemicals, plastics, detergents, dyes, medicines, agricultural products and others, so that attention is given to the general technological foundations without entering

This course will introduce the principles, tools, and techniques of catalytic processes. As well as the theory and practices of homogeneous catalysis, specific types of catalysis will be discussed: these include zeolites, phase transfer catalysts, enzymes and environmentally friendly catalysts. The course will conclude with catalytic and regeneration.

The in-depth examination of specific topics covers various subjects in organic chemistry. The nature of the topic selected and its treatment determined in consultation with the instructor.

Remedial English: The course is a compulsory service course offered for first year students. It is a prerequisite for E1 and it focuses mainly on the language learning skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. The course is intended to equip the students with basic skills necessary for successful communication in both oral and written forms of the language. In addition to grammar and how to use vocabulary in a meaningful context.

The course deals with the events of the Palestinian issue through the most important ages from the Canaanites until the year 2021. It focuses on the Islamic conquest of Palestine in the year 15 AH 636 AD, the Crusader torch from 1099 to the liberation of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi of Palestine in 1187, and it talks about the Ottomans in Palestine from 1516 to 1917. The course is concerned with the Palestinian issue during the British occupation in 1917, until the Nakba in 1948, and the establishment of the occupation state .It deals with the Palestinian resistance and revolutions during 100 years, and Arab-Israeli wars from 1948 to 2021.The course talks about Palestinian Liberation Organization, Palestinian resistance movements and parties, Palestinian Authority and the peace negotiations projects since the 1978 Camp David Accords until 2021.The course talks about attempts to Judaism Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque since the Palestinian setback in 1967 until 2021, and the issue of Palestinian refugees since 1948. It also anticipates the future of the Palestinian issue.

This course is designed to serve PTUK students in the faculties of Science and Engineering as well as the students of Educational Technology (ET); it offers a broad overview of the English language learning skills in reading, writing, speaking that will enable them to communicate meaningfully in scientific contexts and situations. It also offers a broad variety of scientific language grammatical patterns and vocabulary items that are needed to comprehend scientific contexts and trends. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a variety of scientific topics, aural input in order to broaden and deepen their critical thinking skills and to help them express opinions about modern scientific topics and problems.

This course covers many topics related to the development of students' personal skills in effective communication to understand and influence others and enhance their leadership abilities, in line with the university's goals of preparing a scientifically and professionally qualified workforce ready for the future and facing its challenges, and being able to meet the needs of the community. It includes understanding the concept, goals, characteristics, nature, elements, types, methods, and skills of communication, in addition to verbal and non-verbal communication, writing resumes, and personal interviews.

This course is about human rights in Islam. Women in Islam: Islam's general view of women Islam and Democracy. Democracy: Its concept, origins and development. Shura in Islam: Its Concept, Manifestations. Holding public meetings, forming parties and associations. Guarantees of Democracy and Shura. Islam and globalization. Islam and the environment. Islam's position on terrorism and legitimate defense. Islam's fight against drugs. Islam and the crisis of education and scientific research: The importance of water and food: The Islamic approach to their realization, Islam and the media: Defining the media issue, the importance of the media, counter-media and ways to counter it.

This course addresses the concept of political sciences in relation with social sciences, political analysis, state and it pillars, its job, the phenomenon of sovereignty and the borders of control, the most important political systems, elite and public opinion, and the most important political parties.

This introductory course in organic chemistry examines structure and bonding of organic molecules and covers the nomenclature, preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkynes, alkyl halides and some aromatic compounds. Synthesis and reaction mechanisms are emphasized and stereochemistry is introduced. The practical component teaches laboratory skills relevant to organic chemistry.

The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds. This course is a comprehensive one. It covers all aspects of organic chemistry enabling the student to be able to identify any unknown organic compound by wet chemistry. It covers the preliminary examinations, physical properties, spectroscopy, and derivatization studies, also it covers methods of separation and purification as well as selected structural problems.

A lecture course covering atomic structure, bonding, and properties of inorganic materials. Coordination chemistry and other topics of current research interest are covered. Some topics to be included are coordination numbers, stereochemistry, diastereomers, enantiomers, coordination equil A lecture course covering atomic structure, bonding, and properties of inorganic materials. Coordination chemistry and other topics of current research interest are covered. Equilibria, and the kinetics and mechanisms of substitution and electron transfer reactions. Crystal Field and Molecular Orbital descriptions of bonding will be developed and applied to electronic spectra and magnetic properties. Application to some bioinorganic systems will be introduced.

Practical Inorganic Chemistry Course: Preparation of typical inorganic complexes of some non-transition and transition elements, studding the characterization of these complexes using the physical techniques as the spectral, electrical and magnetic properties (IR, UV-Vis).

Various Experiments Covering: Electrometric Methods, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Molecular Absorption

Studying biodiversity of organism including Protista, plant and animal. There will be focus on studying animal and plant cells and tissue. Introduction of animal system (respiratory, immune etc…)

Investigates the basic theme of intermediary metabolism. A background for this study is gained through study of the chemistry of cellular constituents. Topics covered include the forces governing protein and nucleic acid stability, protein-ligand interactions, enzyme kinetics, and the physical basis for methods for protein purification, for probing protein-ligand interactions, and for the determination of macromolecular structure.

The in-depth examination of specific topics covers various subjects in inorganic chemistry. The nature of the topic selected and its treatment determined in consultation with the instructor.

Hebrew 1 is an introductory course that introduces students to the basics of the four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing: Listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course focuses on enabling students to master the Hebrew alphabet, understand basic pronunciation rules, and use simple grammatical structures in real-life communicative contexts. The course also seeks to develop students' lexical repertoire and enhance their ability to express their thoughts in clear language in everyday situations. In addition to the linguistic aspect, the course introduces students to selected cultural aspects that contribute to understanding the social and historical context of the language. This course is a cornerstone in building language proficiency and a precursor to the advanced stages of learning Hebrew.

This course aims to familiarize students with the concept of the Islamic economic system, its objectives and functions, the economic goals of society, economic activity and its regulations in peace: Consumption, production, distribution, exchange, property and its nature in the Islamic economy, monetary system, financial and banking system, market and balance, price and pricing under Shari'ah rules.

This course aims to introduce students to civilization, its’ characteristics, patterns, and its relationship to civics and culture. It focuses on the study of Islamic civilization, its’ genesis, components, characteristics, contemporary problems and issues, such as the civilizational interaction between Islamic civilization and the West, the contributions of Muslim scholars to human civilization, the impact of Islamic civilization on global human civilization, and ways of transmission to various countries of the world. It also deals with scientific development, Islamic systems and institutions, architecture and arts in Islamic civilization.

This course deals with the importance of the emergence and development of the captive national movement, the most important prisons, detention and torture stations, the educational and cultural process, organizational structures, struggle methods and prison literature

Describing statistical data by tables, graphs and numerical measures, Chebychev’s inequality and the empirical rule, counting methods, combinations, permutations, elements of probability and random variables, the binomial, the Poisson, and the normal distributions, sampling distributions, elements of testing hypotheses, statistical inference about one and two populations parameters.

Science and its objectives, concepts and fields of scientific research, the library and its role in research and knowledge, scientific research methods (historical, descriptive, procedural, experimental), problem, plan, research hypotheses, samples, questionnaire, collection methods.

Describe the characteristic, structure and function of living cells include cell metabolism, photosynthesis, genetic and cell division and gene expression

Oxidation of para nitrotoluene to para- nitrobenzoic acid, preparation of aniline by reduction of nitrobenzene, benzoin, benzil, and benzylic acid, preparation of ortho and para nitrophenol, preparation of acetophenone by Fridel-Crafts reaction, an introduction to multi-step synthesis, esterification, reactions of ethyl acetoacetate.

The course involves an introduction to statistical evaluation of chemical data, electrochemical methods, optical spectroscopic methods, mass spectrometry and chromatography. A lecture course to introduce the student to the theory, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and power of contemporary chemical instrumentation.

It deals with theoretical, descriptive and applied issues of materials with an emphasis on inorganic ones in their solid state. The course covers materials widely used in contemporary technology such as ceramics, thin films, alloys, semiconductors, conductors and insulating materials, as well as high conductivity materials, successive conductive polymers and nanomaterials. The course deals with the role of basic theories and advanced methods of analysis.

This course included a study of natural water chemistry, pollutants, domestic water, and water quality, and the related tests, and a comparison with quality standards. The course also includes balance models for some chemical systems in natural waters, the stability of organic compounds, in addition to the effect of chemical and biological pollutants on the water environment and the sources of groundwater pollution and its transmission. As well as studying wastewater, wastewater sections, quantitative and qualitative aspects related to wastewater, its environmental effects, treatment principles and its mechanical, biological and chemical stages, methods of reuse, wastewater treatment systems.

The in-depth examination of specific topics covers various subjects in physical chemistry. The nature of the topic selected and its treatment determined in consultation with the instructor.