The course deals with the events of the Palestinian issue through the most important ages from the Canaanites until the year 2021. It focuses on the Islamic conquest of Palestine in the year 15 AH 636 AD, the Crusader torch from 1099 to the liberation of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi of Palestine in 1187, and it talks about the Ottomans in Palestine from 1516 to 1917. The course is concerned with the Palestinian issue during the British occupation in 1917, until the Nakba in 1948, and the establishment of the occupation state .It deals with the Palestinian resistance and revolutions during 100 years, and Arab-Israeli wars from 1948 to 2021.The course talks about Palestinian Liberation Organization, Palestinian resistance movements and parties, Palestinian Authority and the peace negotiations projects since the 1978 Camp David Accords until 2021.The course talks about attempts to Judaism Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque since the Palestinian setback in 1967 until 2021, and the issue of Palestinian refugees since 1948. It also anticipates the future of the Palestinian issue.

The course aims to develop the students’ cognitive abilities and communication skills in Arabic language by introducing Arabic dictionaries, spelling and grammatical errors, and familiarizing them with ancient and modern Arabic literary models including models from the Holy Qur’an.

This course aims to equip the students with the main concepts in economics during his studying at the university of the following topics:

Six training units aimed at developing entrepreneurial skills and preparing young people at the scientific level, not only to be able to establish their own projects in the future, but also to work productively in small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus, the overall goal of the program at the broader level is to contribute to the creation of an institutional culture in Palestine. And work on introducing the student to his ability to transform ideas into existing projects and companies, and how to shift thinking from a traditional style to a creative style that invests the ideas and energies of the youth group.

This course aims to introduce a number of topics in nanoscience and technology, with a focus on the effect of size on the mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties of materials. The course also introduces several recent technologies developed for the production and characterization of nanostructures and nanodevices.

This course deals with the definition of democracy and its characteristics. It also talks about the foundations on which democracy is based, and how it relates to the electoral process. It also deals with the basic rights of individuals contained in the Palestinian Basic Law, including the right to vote, run for office, and the right to participate in elections, in addition to talking about the Palestinian electoral system.

Laboratory experiments illustrate the concepts of general chemistry II such as electrochemistry, determination of a rate law, spectrophotometric determination of an equilibrium constant, buffer solutions, colligative properties of solutions

The course is providing students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the environment. It focuses on both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements of the environment. It examines the physical, chemical, and biological components of ecological interactions that influence the distribution and abundance of organisms. Particular emphasis will be paid to how energy is transmitted and the nutrients cycling in it, knowledge of the diversity of ecosystems which includes aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems, the relationships of the three environmental enclosures (water, air, and land).

Introduction to contemporary sustainable farming systems through a study of the history of food production in the world and its link to the development of ecological agriculture. Students will learn about the ethical, economic, environmental and social dimensions of agricultural sustainability. It will identify sustainable food production systems such as organic agriculture, bio-agriculture, and sustainable agriculture.

Irrigation water resources, hydraulics of wells, irrigation water quality, and salinity control. Water flow in pipelines and open canals, irrigation systems, and installations, the irrigation systems including surface water, sprinkler irrigation, and drip irrigation systems, programming and management of irrigation systems. Soil-water relationships and the basics of agricultural drainage.

The course is designed to give an overview of typical wastewater characteristics, how this may affect relevant treatment processes, will be given, in addition to treatment and effluent requirements. The course will cover the theoretical foundation, and practical configurations, design, and operation of relevant wastewater treatment processes, including physical-, chemical- and biological processes. It also focuses on how to combine different treatment processes to meet present and future effluent requirements.

This course deals with importance of protected agriculture and types greenhouses in term of design, components, installation and maintenance. Agricultural practices and operations inside greenhouses, their impact in increasing production and improving quality of various crops. The use of modern technologies in protected agriculture.

This course includes the study of the division of fruit trees according to climate and environmental factors, environmental factors affecting their cultivation, propagation of fruit plants and selection of assets. Establishment and planning of fruit orchards, water and fertilizer requirements for fruit trees, modern systems in agriculture and breeding, the study of the production and cultivation of the main fruit crops in Palestine including nuts, apples, nuts, citrus, olives, bananas, grapes, figs, etc., covering the practical part.

This course is designed to provide students with the concept of environmental management issues through the important role that environmental management systems play in contributing to the preservation of the environment. It defines the elements of management and environmental management systems, human economic activity through the conservation of raw materials and natural resources consumption. Demonstrate the requirements and advantages of environmental information and how to use environmental management systems to activate economic feasibility and competition. Demonstrate the role of environmental management systems in introducing regulations on compliance with laws and accuracy. It provides knowledge about measuring environmental performance and its impact on improving economic performance

An integrated approach to soil fertility and sustainable food production. The principles of soil formation and self-sustaining soil systems, biodiversity, biologically grown food, irrigation, water management, and social values are also discussed. Focus on crops and livestock management cases, minimizing the severe irreversible soil damages to Mediterranean ecosystems. Sustainable food production and organic farming for society. Food as a product, food policies

General Definition of Soil, Soil Formation, Soil Characteristics, Soil Water Relationships, Soil Composition Measurement, Soil Mechanical Analysis, Soil Mud Finding, Soil Moisture Content, Soil Water Voltage: Introduction to Voltage, Soil Water Compounds, Measurement Soil Water Voltage, Soil Water Voltage Relationships, Soil Water Motion, Darcy Law, Hydraulic Conductivity, Leach Physics, Soil Sampling Methods, Estimation of Bulk Density, Truth and Porosity of Soils, Determination of Moisture Content, Determination of Electrical Conductivity in Soils, Estimation of leaching.

Remedial English: The course is a compulsory service course offered for first year students. It is a prerequisite for E1 and it focuses mainly on the language learning skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. The course is intended to equip the students with basic skills necessary for successful communication in both oral and written forms of the language. In addition to grammar and how to use vocabulary in a meaningful context.

The course deals with the history and geography of the Holy City, And the nations who occupied Jerusalem from the beginning of history until the Islamic conquest of 15 AH 636 AD. The course also focuses on Jerusalem in the early days of Islam, the Umayyad state and the Abbasid era, until the Crusader occupation in 1099 AD. it talks about Jerusalem under the Crusader occupation, the Ayyubid and Mamluk eras, and the Ottoman rule. The course also deals with the British occupation of Jerusalem from 1917 to 1948, Jerusalem under Jordanian rule and Israeli occupation in 1967. The course deals with the landmarks of the current holy city and Al-Aqsa Mosque. Attempts at Judaization and settlement, And the occupation's targeting of Al-Aqsa Mosque through excavations from 1967 to 2021. It also anticipates the future of the Holy City

Law: Definition, Function, Characteristics. Sections of law: branches, divisions, sources of law, the judicial system in Jordan, principles, types of lawsuits, formations Courts, types of courts and their jurisdiction. Contracts: contract of sale, lease contract. - Palestinian laws related to practical life: the owners’ law, the tenants’ law, the personal status law, the law Labor, Social Security Law, Bar Association legislation

This course deals with the study of the basic concepts of planning such as strategy and plan. It also discusses the elements and principles of planning. Then the course focuses on the types of long-term and short-term planning. The course also deals with the daily plan, its components and parts, as well as planning periods (preparation periods, competitions and transitional periods) and also focuses on unity. training.

The course is tailored to introduce the learners to the basic reading, listening, writing and speaking skills, while revising and deepening more advanced aspects of German grammar. Topics include language and learning, family, travel, leisure time, media, careers and social contacts. Grammar topics include adjectives, the genitive form, causal and temporal relative clauses, and reflexive verb forms.

Development of soil concept and importance. The process and soil-forming factors roles in soil profile development. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil. Soil-water relations. The soil water management practices. The role of organic matter in developing the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Classification and characteristics of soil minerals.

This course introduces basic concepts nutrition, metabolism of nutrients within the human body, fate of nutrients and their interactions and symptoms of malnutrition, human nutrient requirements, types and causes of food spoilage, nutritional diseases.

In this course, practical experiments related to motion, Newton's laws, conservation laws, gravity, heat, static electricity, electrical circuits, viscosity, surface tension will be conducted. As well as, experiments in mechanics, electricity, fluids and soil properties will be conducted.

This course includes a study of the synthesis and properties of essential compounds in living organisms such as nucleic acids, proteins, fats and sugars. The course also deals with the study of energy transformations and show how cell division, cell organization, the basic components of the cell and the basic processes in the cell from transfer and feeding and others.

This course includes the following topics: identification of laboratory instruments and devices, measurement of physical properties of chemical compounds, study of some chemical reactions in quantitative and thermal terms, solubility of salts, detection of ions and calibration of acids and bases, determination of molecular weight of volatile liquids.

Study of the economic and nutritional importance of vegetables Production and cultivation of the most important vegetable crops, the appropriate environmental conditions, the different agricultural processes, the modern trends in vegetable cultivation, protected agriculture and agriculture in open ground for vegetables, agricultural cycle and overlapping agriculture, harvesting, storage and marketing, the study of the most important vegetable crops in Palestine.

This course explores interactions between human activities and natural or man-made systems, linking them to the concept of environmental sustainability and to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures. It focuses both on strategic EIA and project EIA and discusses examples of EIA systems used in different countries.

This course deals with economic principles and special interest to natural resource economics. It focuses on the supply, demand, and allocation of the Earth’s natural resources.

This course develops a student’s ability to undertake complex feasibility studies. Students will learn these skills and techniques through performing various feasibility studies of differing size and complexity. A feasibility study is designed to establish whether a project or initiative is worth the investment in time and money needed to get it off the ground. This includes the cost of developing the initiative, but it also looks at the availability of funding, both to initiate the project and to keep it going. However, the feasibility study also looks at the evidence of need, potential take up and constraints such as the capacity of buildings, staff and the community. The course also utilizes practical situations, using the analytical and assessment tools such as spreadsheets and Web Analysis, Critical Path, evaluation and review of programs

This course involves studying the types of agricultural machinery and equipment, in terms of their importance, how they work in theory, hydraulic, power transmission and economic performance of the machine with a focus on the study of agricultural tractor, soil preparation and agriculture equipment, harvesting, prevention, fertilization, water pumping, then how to choose the necessary machinery and equipment to work effectively on the farm and fuel system, refrigeration, air, electricity, transportation and identify the technical problems in the tractor.

The course introduces the student to concepts, theories and skills in the field of human communication in Arabic and English, and provides him with basic skills in the field of communication with himself and with others through the art of recitation, dialogue, persuasion, negotiation and leadership, to enhance his practice in his daily and practical life using new methods based on diverse and effective training and evaluation. In addition to the knowledge of electronic communication and social intelligence, as well as enabling the student to write his CV and conduct a personal interview in Arabic and English. The course aims to develop the student's skills on written, oral and electronic communication and the use of body language in order to improve the abilities to communicate with others in general, in addition to the students' abilities to send and receive in the study and work environment in particular.

This course aims to solidify the concept of Islamic culture, and to introduce students to sound cultural and intellectual concepts about the sources of Islam, the Islamic faith and its’ pillars, and the Islamic Shariah, which regulates all aspects of life: social, economic and political. It also clarifies the position of Islam on a number of contemporary intellectual issues, and introduces the most important challenges facing Islam and its’ culture.

This course is concerned with providing students with the principles of first aid and the skills necessary to assist the injured, accidents, emergencies and disasters and includes measures to be taken to ensure personal safety. The course also deals with the prevention of accidents at home and in the community. Wounds, fractures, dislocations, burns, bites, stings, poisoning, loss of consciousness, suffocation, and public safety measures.

This course addresses the concept of political sciences in relation with social sciences, political analysis, state and its pillars , its job, the phenomenon of sovereignty and the borders of control, the most important political systems, elite and public opinion, and the most important political parties.

This course is an introduction to Hebrew language. Throughout this course, the students will become acquainted with the basics of Hebrew language including Hebrew alphabet, in both its printed and hand written form, Hebrew diacritics and sentence structure. At the end of the course, the students will be able to employ simple sentences to express themselves in writing and orally.

The course aims to introduce the students to modern Russian language, its alphabets, the use of simple functional grammar and simple written expressions. At the end of the course, the students will be able to read, write and speak using simple Russian expressions that will enable them to communicate effectively

The course introduces the basics of Italian language in terms of self-introduction, letters and numbers. The course topics include description of place, family and its members and how to give directions.

The student learns about the historical development of the concept of corruption and its legal definition in accordance with international conventions and internal law The student identifies the forms and forms of corruption, and knows the social, economic, and political implications of the existence of this phenomenon in Palestinian society. The student is familiar with global theories related to the causes of the emergence and spread of corruption in order to employ them in building a defense system to prevent corruption. The student will be able to make effective use of participatory monitoring and reporting frameworks on areas of corruption, and be able to use assessment tools and control mechanisms to creatively address the phenomenon of corruption in various sectors and institutions. He shall be armed with comprehensive knowledge about the values of integrity, control and accountability tools to reduce corruption in its various forms, which would qualify him later to work in the field of combating corruption and promoting good governance in Palestine. Adherence to the rules of conduct and morals related to the profession, job work, morals, honor and honesty. Knowledge and awareness of national and foreign legal systems and concepts and comparison in their multiple available languages.

This course introduces the knowledge and skills necessary to solve problems of linear and quadratic equations and inequalities, and familiarity with the concepts of groups and operations on them, Functions and their graphic representation, types of functions and algebraic operations on them, systems of linear equations, matrices and their types, and equal matrices and operations on matrices, determinants and their properties and Cramer's method. The multiplicative inverse and the multiplicative inverse method for solving systems of linear equations.

The course will cover history and scope of microbiology: prokaryotes cell structure and function, metabolism, and nutrition, microbial growth, requirements for growth, environmental factors affecting growth, effect of antimicrobial agents on growth, microbial genetics and gene cloning, bacterial and microbial taxonomy, major groups of bacteria, microorganisms and environment, immune response and antigen-antibody reaction in vitro.

The practical aspect includes training students to deal with microorganisms in terms of preparing food environments and how to plant them and isolate them and prepare microscopic slides in different ways to identify them.

This course includes the basic theoretical rules related to scientific methods of measurement, chemical calculations, periodic table, electronic structure, chemical bonds, thermochemistry, chemical reactions, gaseous state, matter states, properties of solutions, acids, bases and equilibrium of acids and bases in aqueous solutions.

"This course is designed to have a comprehensive understanding of modern agricultural practicing and ecosystems. It deals with major problems of pollution of the environment due to agriculture and how we can reduce the negative effects The effect of farming practices such as irrigation, plowing, fertilization, and pesticide application on the environment. How to reduce the effects of agricultural pollution. Further, to understand the concept and the importance of organic farming.

This course is designed to provide participants with the basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for implementing and promoting organic agriculture activities and programs. While the main focus is for agricultural technicians, this course will clarify concepts and issues about organic agriculture as well as provide practical techniques and guidelines on implementing organic agriculture projects.

Soil chemical and physical properties as related to soil fertility. Plant nutrients and their classification, functions, reactions, and availability in the soil. Movement and absorption of plant nutrients. Fertilizers classification, types and application methods. Soil fertility evaluation and fertilizers recommendations.

This practical course aims at training the students for preparation then spraying the various agricultural pesticides including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. It also includes diagnosis and identification of pests and diseases that should be sprayed with the above pesticides. The practice also includes how the spraying equipment should be used properly such as knapsack sprayers, tractor mounted sprayers.

The course include study and analysis of the regulatory legislation related to development institutions that are active in managing various developmental affairs, and aims to give the student a clear picture of the most important players in managing regulatory legislation and the necessary interventions to develop it, in addition of measuring its reflection on rural development and the agricultural sector, through institutional frameworks systems and sustainable laws that contribute to raising rural development awareness.

This course aims to introduce students to civilization, its’ characteristics, patterns, and its relationship to civics and culture. It focuses on the study of Islamic civilization, its’ genesis, components, characteristics, contemporary problems and issues, such as the civilizational interaction between Islamic civilization and the West, the contributions of Muslim scholars to human civilization, the impact of Islamic civilization on global human civilization, and ways of transmission to various countries of the world. It also deals with scientific development, Islamic systems and institutions, architecture and arts in Islamic civilization.

This course is tailored to introduce students to French Language: simple sentences, nouns, articles, pronunciation and simple structures. The course focuses on developing the four language skills of listening, reading, speaking and writing

The course deals with the general principles of plant production. Plant, various agricultural processes and means of production.

Economic principles, which include the relationship of inputs to output and the relationship of inputs to outputs. The study of productive functions and production laws and the study of costs. This article also deals with the status of agriculture in the economic structure and the characteristics of the work in agriculture

This course covers units and vectors, motion, motion and force, Newton's laws, rotational motion, momentum, work, conservation laws, gravity, heat, static electricity, electrical circuits, viscosity, surface tension. Experiments in mechanics, electricity, fluids, soil properties.

This course is designed to provide an overview of physical and chemical properties of soils and to have a comprehensive understanding of the methods of evaluation. Physical topics include the movement of water, heat, gases, and solutes through the soil. Chemistry topics include solid and solution speciation, mineral solubility, ion exchange, and oxidation-reduction reactions with major features of liquid water and the chemical processes taking place in soil solution and the soil acidity and alkalinity.

This course aims to give students the opportunity to develop specific skills in the field of plant propagation skills in the field of plant production and the practical application of all the information and experiences obtained in plant production, and also includes academic tours outside the college in order to identify the status of agriculture and the methods and techniques used in plant production in Palestine.

This course deals with the identification of insects which cause economic damage to plants including a description of insects and their life cycle, and type of damage-control measures. It covers pests from the following orders: homoptera, hemiptera, thysanoptera, diptera, coleopteran, lepidoptera, hymenoptera.

Advantage of wastewater reuse, limitation of wastewater reuse, wastewater treatment process, characteristics of wastewater, quality parameters of importance in agriculture use of wastewater, monitoring of wastewater quality for irrigation, irrigation with wastewater, strategies for managing treated wastewater on-farm, aquifer recharge with wastewater, agriculture use of sewage sludge.

The course deals with land and water in Palestine, the classification of Palestinian land and the area of reclaimed land and its importance, factors of low land productivity, sources of dissolved salts in soil, saline soils, methods of reclamation, sodic and alkaline soils and methods of reclamation, boron-rich soils and reclamation methods, and assessment of the validity of irrigation water.

The course includes two main parts that have an integrated relationship, where the first part includes agricultural marketing and briefly deals with the most important principles of marketing and its components from the market, consumer behavior and marketing channels in addition to e-marketing. Second part of the course in agricultural extension includes the most important principles of agricultural extension and a statement of links between agricultural science and farmers behavior, awareness and education of students in the main concepts and principles of agricultural extension that directed to farmers and rural society, methods of communication, and the role of agricultural extension in the development of resources, raising efficiency and productive merit, raising agricultural income through the dissemination and adoption of modern technology, in addition to the role of agricultural extension in educating farmers and their families regarding national problems, programs and policies, educating the rural women, in addition agricultural extension methods in Palestine.

The course introduces the student to the concept of problem solving, the problem and its definitions, the problem solving skill and its definitions, the stages and steps of solving the problem, the skills that the individual needs to reach an appropriate solution to the problem, the definition of the basics and skills of scientific research and the steps of preparing scientific research, as well as introducing scientific hypotheses, and introducing the student to some methods Problem solving and strategies for solving them, in addition to introducing the student to the scientific method of documentation.

This course deals with the nature, nature and objectives of sociology, the relationship of sociology with other sciences, the purposes and fields of sociology, scientific methods of contemporary sociology, the historical and philosophy roots of sociology, social thought among Greece, Muslims and the West, social theory, sociology, systematic construction in sociology, systems Social, group and society, social processes, foundations of social relations in Islam.

This course is an elective university requirement for all disciplines in the undergraduate programs. Through it, the student learns the concept of the home garden, its importance, how to coordinate it, the methods of reproduction of its plants, the types of these plants, and how to deal with them from the beginning of their cultivation and ways to take care of them such as irrigation, fertilization, breeding, pruning and harvesting, with a focus on dividing the types of these plants and determining their cultivation locations and periods of care, as well as a detailed study of all sections of the home garden from the entrance to the garden and the background of the house, planting hedges, indoor and outdoor ornamental plants, green spaces, flowers, fruit trees and vegetable plants

Treatments of analytical data acid-base reactions, precipitation and complex formation reactions, oxidation reduction reactions, gravimetric analysis.

This course is designed to provide students with the knowledge and understanding of the concept of solid waste management. The course deals with municipal solid waste composition and characteristics, collection methods, storage, transformation, and treatment methods including landfilling waste to energy and recycling. Further, it introduces the students the solid waste management policy and the means to implement it (legislation, planning, etc.).The course provides tools of solid waste management activities associated with generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, reuse and recycling, processing and disposal which should be environmentally compatible, adapting to the principles of economy, aesthetics, and energy conservation.

English 1 is a theoretical, 3-credit hour university requisite, and a general English Course which is designed to serve all BA and BSc Students of (PTUK) in all faculties. This course aims at developing students’ repertoire of the English language main skills as well as sub-skills through providing them with broad varieties of language patterns, grammatical and structural rules, and vocabulary items that can enable them to communicate meaningfully within ordinary and real-life contexts and situations. This course is also oriented towards equipping students with the skills they need to comprehend texts, contexts, and situations that are related to ordinary and real-life topics. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a wide and various aural inputs in order to broaden and deepen their skills in listening, judgment, and critical thinking. Students of this course are expected to acquire and practice the skills they need to maximize their capabilities to express opinions about ordinary and real life topics both orally and in a written format, which will help in widening the students’ academic horizon.

The course aims to introduce the students to the history of the world of architecture from ancient periods to the early Middle Ages all the way to the Baroque Renaissance architecture, neoclassical, and the industrial age.

The course deals with the study and memorization of twenty-five hadiths which are considered to be the foundations of the Prophetic Sunnah from the book (Forty Hadith of Imam An-Nawawi), in addition to clarifying the status of these hadiths among Muslim Scholars, explaining their overall meanings, along with pointing out some of their legal rulings, behavioral guidelines, and applications.

The upbringing of children and family building course is one of the university’s optional requirements. Studying this course enables students to understand human creation, by identifying the concepts of social upbringing, its objectives, conditions, characteristics and function, the human life cycle from birth to death, and the most important theories that explain it. The course provides students with an introduction to the institutions of socialization and their roles, the family and how to form and build it through marriage and the methods of marital choice to make it successful and avoid marital failure. On a number of these undesirable behavioral patterns so that students can deal with any behavioral problem in the future.

This course is a general introduction to astronomy. Through it, the student learns about the celestial bodies that inhabit this universe and the vast dimensions between them, and how he can estimate some dimensions and finally conclude some hypotheses that try to explain the emergence of this universe.

This course deals with the nature of the international community and defines its concepts, the emergence of the science of international relations, with a focus on its nature, its concepts, contents, interests and the problematic relationship with other social sciences. Ultimately, determining what the international person is, as an entry to understand the multiplicity of people of this community and their explanation, through a number of significant criteria in order to determine the status and role of each of them on the international arena.

In this course, the following topics are covered: architectural designs of automobiles, their classifications and drive systems. Components, features and types of powertrain systems starting from engine, clutch, transmission, differential, axes to wheels. Main engine systems such as cooling, lubricating, fuel and ignition are explained. Systems such as brake, suspension, steering, starter and charger are also discussed. The basic concepts of electrical and electronic systems of automobiles are defined. Fault diagnosis and regular maintenance procedures to the different automotive systems are briefly discussed.

This is the second of two general chemistry courses. It builds upon the foundation of chemical bonding concepts laid out in the first course, and applies these to important topics in chemistry. Material covered includes solutions, chemical kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry.

Training students on soil testing processes and their relationship to irrigation by type, calculate the quantities of water needed for irrigation and install and maintain irrigation systems and repair and suitability of crops.

Introduction to food preservation, the use of refrigeration, drying, smoking, salting and others in food preservation, fermentation as a means of food preservation, chemical, biological and physical basis in food preservation, causes of various food spoilage and the role of enzymes and microorganisms in this regard, the mechanism of temporary and permanent preservation, scientific visits to laboratories and factories Manufacturing and preservation of various foods, scientific visits to various food processing and preserving plants.

This course examines the concepts and methods used in analyzing the interaction between economics, environment, and society, and study a range of policies that can be applied to environmental and social problems. And how to invest all the resources for the human being.

Students perform voluntary work such as donating blood, repairing homes, tourist trails, or holding educational workshops at the university, and the student is committed to training or working for 40 hours.

An Introduction to Psychology course is one of the university’s elective courses. Studying this course enables students to understand human behavior and the ways and means of controlling, motivating and directing it, in order to enable him to become an active and productive member of society. In order for the student to be able to gain a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of behavior, the course units include the most prominent features of human behavior in terms of growth, learning, education, thinking, intelligence, motivation, emotions, perception, up to personality, psychological disorders and social behavior. The course units also include life applications and self-enrichment activities to enrich learning.

This course deals with the pillars of faith, such as belief in Allah, Tawheed, His names and attributes, belief in angels and their relationship with the universe, belief in the Prophets and Messengers) peace be upon them) the Messengers with firm resolution, belief in the books of Almighty Allah, Belief in the Last Day and the signs of the Day of Judgement, belief in divine decree, the nullifiers of faith, and judgment of people of disobedience and major sins.

This course deals with the importance of purity and its’ types, ablution and its’ obligations, sunnahs and nullifiers, tayammum (dry ritual purification), its’ pillars and nullifiers, wiping over the socks and casts, ghusl (full body ritual purification), the provisions of menstruation, postpartum bleeding, abnormal vaginal bleeding, impurity, prayer and its’ wisdom, conditions, and pillars, its’ sunnahs and etiquette, congregational prayer, shortening and combining prayers, the Friday prayer, Eid prayers, eclipse prayers, rain prayer, fear prayer, the funeral prayer, Tarawih prayers, fasting, and making up for it, kaffarah (expiation of sin) and fidyah (compulsory donation for not being able to fast).

This course is concerned with library and information studies and preparing the student scientifically to understand the nature of the use of libraries through his study of the history of writing, libraries, indexing, indexes, and classification, especially the most widely used global systems, the Dewey Decimal System, and the Congress System, so that he can obtain the information sources he wants through his knowledge of the use of libraries and information services that provide him and ways to get it back

The course aims to introduce the students to human relationship with the environment and attitudes of thinking and research related to the integration and interaction between different environmental elements. The course also tackles the impact of industrial and urban development on the environmental viability, the effects of pollution, and the decline and depletion of natural resources.

The course deals with the concept of e-governance and its importance, the advantages of the services provided by e-governance among citizens and authorities on the one hand and between the authorities themselves on the other hand, the issue of security in electronic dealings, electronic signature and an explanation of its terms and the ethical obligations resulting from it and all controls related to it. Forms of electronic services provided, the issue of electronic democracy through voting in general elections, the importance of using electronic cards by citizens and what they save time and effort, and educating people about the importance of these systems and how to use them, and they save a great deal of management time and cost.

This course deals with many topics and themes, such as the emergence and development of the captive movement inside the enemy detention centers. It also describes prisons and detention centers and identifies their origin, locations and development, and focuses on detention and torture stations, and sheds light on the self-building of the captive movement and the obstacles and challenges it faced from the occupation authorities, and does not lose sight of the democratic experience. And the cultural march of the captive movement, and clarifies the organizational structures and means of struggle of the prisoners, and reviews the strikes waged by the prisoners to demand their legitimate rights, and finally gives glimpses of the prisoners’ creativity as well as their role and political presence in the overall Palestinian struggle scene.

Plant Cell and Plant Tissue, Plant Composition Anatomy and Functions of Plant Organs (Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower,Fruit, and Seed) Plant and Energy, Plant Nutrition and Food Transfer, Plant Classification and Plant Environment.

This course covers the most important groups of agricultural pests and their economic importance and appropriate methods to protect agricultural crops from pests with emphasis on the importance of protecting the environment and reducing pollution.

The development of agriculture and its importance globally and regionally and focusing on it locality. It includes agricultural climate, production elements, plant production in irrigated and rainfed areas, animal production, product marketing, agricultural mechanization, institutions working in agriculture, problems of agriculture in the region, and advanced and modern agricultural projects.

Basic terminology is common to animal science. Common breeds of farm animals, the basic scientific principles of breeding, feeding, and management of farm animals.

This course involves the study of chemistry in solution. It deals with the gravimetric, volumetric theories and techniques as well as acid-base, oxidation-reduction, complexometry, precipitation and titrations. It also covers some spectrophotometric and instrumental theory.

This course is designed to enable students to have a comprehensive understanding of water and air pollution. It deals with an overview of the hydrological cycle, water resources and use, resources of water pollution, major problems of pollution of the atmosphere, water, the land surface, and the food chain. And the kinds of aquatic pollutants. The course focuses also on air pollution, taking into account the kinds of air pollutants and their natural and industrial resources. Physic-chemical factors that can affect the emission of these pollutants. It covers processes responsible for the occurrence and release of pollutants in the environment, the hazards associated with different types of pollutant, problems of accumulation of toxic substances, and procedures for the reduction of emissions and remediation of contaminated environments.

Strategic Elements of Food Security, Food Security Approaches, Nutrition Policies and Tools, Integrated Food Plan, Population Reproduction Laws, Food Budget, Green Revolution and Food Security, Food Aid, Fundamentals of Self-reliance, Food Security in the International Perspective, Arab and Palestinian Food Security, Food and Poverty, Global Experiences, Economic Inflation and Nutrition.

This course is designed to give students an overview of non-renewable sources of energy, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, oil and petroleum products. Identifications: of renewable sources such as water, wind, solar, electrochemical and hydrogen production as pure fuels and geothermal energy. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of energy sources will be discussed. This course will seek to provide students with a broad understanding of combustion reactions in non-renewable sources, their products and calculations, and thus the health problems associated of polluting combustion compounds resulting from fuel combustion such as air pollution. The course deals with the environmental problems related to energy usage and generation such as acid rain, greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone layer erosion, climate change, and various environmental pollutants. The energy crisis, mitigation, and energy economics.

Introduction to how organisms interact with the environment, diversity problems and their relevance to ecosystems and their impacts on living organisms, biodiversity components, how biodiversity components relate to each other, measurement and classification of biodiversity, natural habits and interactions of microorganisms. Problems and methods of conservation of natural resources and their relationship to biodiversity.

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the history and evolution of computers and their generations. Some of the topics discussed in this course are basic concepts of information technology, hardware and computer programming, computer memory, data representation, number systems, operating systems, computer networks and the Internet, databases, computer ethics, algorithms writing and flow charting. data. Students are also trained on the latest versions of Microsoft office software.

This course deals with Islamic thought, sheds light on various ideologies, and examines how they interact with Arab -Islamic heritage and Arab civilization in different stages. The course also deals with the most important challenges facing the Islamic world, such as colonialism, liberation, Arab unity, democracy, as well as problems pertaining to Arab-Islamic culture. The course reviews the factors of renaissance and modern intellectual beliefs such as patriotism and freedom, and focuses on the position of women in Arab society and their participation in public life, as well as the growth of feminist movements in various Arab societies.

The course introduces the basics of Turkish language in terms of self-introduction, letters and numbers. The course topics include description of place, family and its members and how to give directions.

Data description and organization by the graphical, numerical, vertical base, dispersion measures, probability theory, random variables, probability distributions, natural distribution, and statistical inference from large and small samples.

This course includes experiments on the properties of biological compounds, methods of detection, use of microscopy, preparation of samples, study of methods of transfer of materials through cell membranes in addition to the study of cell types and their composition.

This course deals with the basic techniques and practical skills for propagation of fruit trees, ornamental plants and vegetables. These propagation methods include sexual and vegetation of various types (cuttings, grafting and budding, layering, specialized structure and micro-propagation). The course also concentrates on using agricultural installations such as green houses, and other different agricultural environments for propagation purposes.

This course gives the student the principles and practices of sustainable farm management using farm planning. Introduce students to develop and understand sustainable farm management on a farm scale and to start a new farm business plan using the entire principles of agricultural planning including goal setting, resource assessment, project analysis, crop production, livestock, soil health, pest control, and marketing.

This course includes the preparation of a study on a specific scientific subject in the field of specialization and prepares it to give a group of students and discuss with professors and students.

This course covers the principles of integrated pest management. Environmental and economic concepts and principles of control, and ways and means by which: agricultural methods, biological, rationalization in the use of pesticides. Understand the variables that control the pest population and the proper ways to estimate the pest population and develop the appropriate plans to control it. This course also contains 3 laboratory hours each week dealing with the application of the theoretical part of this course in practice.

The course deals with the definition of different agricultural pests and pesticides, methods of pest control, especially chemical methods, economic importance of pesticides, history of pesticides, types of pesticides, their composition and methods of use, registration of pesticides and registration laws, and problems arising from the use of pesticides.

This course deals with Human food requirements and needs, the problem of food shortages in the world, food production and food security, reduce food losses

Study of cereal and legume crops in terms of economic importance, production areas, needs, and suitable environmental conditions, nutritional value, methods of raising production efficiency under rainy and irrigated conditions, various agricultural operations of the most important field crops in Palestine. This course also contains 3 laboratory hours each week dealing with the classification of field crops, plant description of the most important field crops and includes root, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds.

The course deals with the events of the Palestinian issue through the most important ages from the Canaanites until the year 2021. It focuses on the Islamic conquest of Palestine in the year 15 AH 636 AD, the Crusader torch from 1099 to the liberation of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi of Palestine in 1187, and it talks about the Ottomans in Palestine from 1516 to 1917. The course is concerned with the Palestinian issue during the British occupation in 1917, until the Nakba in 1948, and the establishment of the occupation state .It deals with the Palestinian resistance and revolutions during 100 years, and Arab-Israeli wars from 1948 to 2021.The course talks about Palestinian Liberation Organization, Palestinian resistance movements and parties, Palestinian Authority and the peace negotiations projects since the 1978 Camp David Accords until 2021.The course talks about attempts to Judaism Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque since the Palestinian setback in 1967 until 2021, and the issue of Palestinian refugees since 1948. It also anticipates the future of the Palestinian issue.

The course aims to develop the students’ cognitive abilities and communication skills in Arabic language by introducing Arabic dictionaries, spelling and grammatical errors, and familiarizing them with ancient and modern Arabic literary models including models from the Holy Qur’an.

This course aims to equip the students with the main concepts in economics during his studying at the university of the following topics:

Six training units aimed at developing entrepreneurial skills and preparing young people at the scientific level, not only to be able to establish their own projects in the future, but also to work productively in small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus, the overall goal of the program at the broader level is to contribute to the creation of an institutional culture in Palestine. And work on introducing the student to his ability to transform ideas into existing projects and companies, and how to shift thinking from a traditional style to a creative style that invests the ideas and energies of the youth group.

This course aims to introduce a number of topics in nanoscience and technology, with a focus on the effect of size on the mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties of materials. The course also introduces several recent technologies developed for the production and characterization of nanostructures and nanodevices.

This course deals with the definition of democracy and its characteristics. It also talks about the foundations on which democracy is based, and how it relates to the electoral process. It also deals with the basic rights of individuals contained in the Palestinian Basic Law, including the right to vote, run for office, and the right to participate in elections, in addition to talking about the Palestinian electoral system.

Laboratory experiments illustrate the concepts of general chemistry II such as electrochemistry, determination of a rate law, spectrophotometric determination of an equilibrium constant, buffer solutions, colligative properties of solutions

The course is providing students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the environment. It focuses on both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements of the environment. It examines the physical, chemical, and biological components of ecological interactions that influence the distribution and abundance of organisms. Particular emphasis will be paid to how energy is transmitted and the nutrients cycling in it, knowledge of the diversity of ecosystems which includes aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems, the relationships of the three environmental enclosures (water, air, and land).

Introduction to contemporary sustainable farming systems through a study of the history of food production in the world and its link to the development of ecological agriculture. Students will learn about the ethical, economic, environmental and social dimensions of agricultural sustainability. It will identify sustainable food production systems such as organic agriculture, bio-agriculture, and sustainable agriculture.

Irrigation water resources, hydraulics of wells, irrigation water quality, and salinity control. Water flow in pipelines and open canals, irrigation systems, and installations, the irrigation systems including surface water, sprinkler irrigation, and drip irrigation systems, programming and management of irrigation systems. Soil-water relationships and the basics of agricultural drainage.

The course is designed to give an overview of typical wastewater characteristics, how this may affect relevant treatment processes, will be given, in addition to treatment and effluent requirements. The course will cover the theoretical foundation, and practical configurations, design, and operation of relevant wastewater treatment processes, including physical-, chemical- and biological processes. It also focuses on how to combine different treatment processes to meet present and future effluent requirements.

This course deals with importance of protected agriculture and types greenhouses in term of design, components, installation and maintenance. Agricultural practices and operations inside greenhouses, their impact in increasing production and improving quality of various crops. The use of modern technologies in protected agriculture.

This course includes the study of the division of fruit trees according to climate and environmental factors, environmental factors affecting their cultivation, propagation of fruit plants and selection of assets. Establishment and planning of fruit orchards, water and fertilizer requirements for fruit trees, modern systems in agriculture and breeding, the study of the production and cultivation of the main fruit crops in Palestine including nuts, apples, nuts, citrus, olives, bananas, grapes, figs, etc., covering the practical part.

This course is designed to provide students with the concept of environmental management issues through the important role that environmental management systems play in contributing to the preservation of the environment. It defines the elements of management and environmental management systems, human economic activity through the conservation of raw materials and natural resources consumption. Demonstrate the requirements and advantages of environmental information and how to use environmental management systems to activate economic feasibility and competition. Demonstrate the role of environmental management systems in introducing regulations on compliance with laws and accuracy. It provides knowledge about measuring environmental performance and its impact on improving economic performance

An integrated approach to soil fertility and sustainable food production. The principles of soil formation and self-sustaining soil systems, biodiversity, biologically grown food, irrigation, water management, and social values are also discussed. Focus on crops and livestock management cases, minimizing the severe irreversible soil damages to Mediterranean ecosystems. Sustainable food production and organic farming for society. Food as a product, food policies

General Definition of Soil, Soil Formation, Soil Characteristics, Soil Water Relationships, Soil Composition Measurement, Soil Mechanical Analysis, Soil Mud Finding, Soil Moisture Content, Soil Water Voltage: Introduction to Voltage, Soil Water Compounds, Measurement Soil Water Voltage, Soil Water Voltage Relationships, Soil Water Motion, Darcy Law, Hydraulic Conductivity, Leach Physics, Soil Sampling Methods, Estimation of Bulk Density, Truth and Porosity of Soils, Determination of Moisture Content, Determination of Electrical Conductivity in Soils, Estimation of leaching.

Remedial English: The course is a compulsory service course offered for first year students. It is a prerequisite for E1 and it focuses mainly on the language learning skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. The course is intended to equip the students with basic skills necessary for successful communication in both oral and written forms of the language. In addition to grammar and how to use vocabulary in a meaningful context.

The course deals with the history and geography of the Holy City, And the nations who occupied Jerusalem from the beginning of history until the Islamic conquest of 15 AH 636 AD. The course also focuses on Jerusalem in the early days of Islam, the Umayyad state and the Abbasid era, until the Crusader occupation in 1099 AD. it talks about Jerusalem under the Crusader occupation, the Ayyubid and Mamluk eras, and the Ottoman rule. The course also deals with the British occupation of Jerusalem from 1917 to 1948, Jerusalem under Jordanian rule and Israeli occupation in 1967. The course deals with the landmarks of the current holy city and Al-Aqsa Mosque. Attempts at Judaization and settlement, And the occupation's targeting of Al-Aqsa Mosque through excavations from 1967 to 2021. It also anticipates the future of the Holy City

Law: Definition, Function, Characteristics. Sections of law: branches, divisions, sources of law, the judicial system in Jordan, principles, types of lawsuits, formations Courts, types of courts and their jurisdiction. Contracts: contract of sale, lease contract. - Palestinian laws related to practical life: the owners’ law, the tenants’ law, the personal status law, the law Labor, Social Security Law, Bar Association legislation

This course deals with the study of the basic concepts of planning such as strategy and plan. It also discusses the elements and principles of planning. Then the course focuses on the types of long-term and short-term planning. The course also deals with the daily plan, its components and parts, as well as planning periods (preparation periods, competitions and transitional periods) and also focuses on unity. training.

The course is tailored to introduce the learners to the basic reading, listening, writing and speaking skills, while revising and deepening more advanced aspects of German grammar. Topics include language and learning, family, travel, leisure time, media, careers and social contacts. Grammar topics include adjectives, the genitive form, causal and temporal relative clauses, and reflexive verb forms.

Development of soil concept and importance. The process and soil-forming factors roles in soil profile development. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil. Soil-water relations. The soil water management practices. The role of organic matter in developing the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Classification and characteristics of soil minerals.

This course introduces basic concepts nutrition, metabolism of nutrients within the human body, fate of nutrients and their interactions and symptoms of malnutrition, human nutrient requirements, types and causes of food spoilage, nutritional diseases.

In this course, practical experiments related to motion, Newton's laws, conservation laws, gravity, heat, static electricity, electrical circuits, viscosity, surface tension will be conducted. As well as, experiments in mechanics, electricity, fluids and soil properties will be conducted.

This course includes a study of the synthesis and properties of essential compounds in living organisms such as nucleic acids, proteins, fats and sugars. The course also deals with the study of energy transformations and show how cell division, cell organization, the basic components of the cell and the basic processes in the cell from transfer and feeding and others.

This course includes the following topics: identification of laboratory instruments and devices, measurement of physical properties of chemical compounds, study of some chemical reactions in quantitative and thermal terms, solubility of salts, detection of ions and calibration of acids and bases, determination of molecular weight of volatile liquids.

Study of the economic and nutritional importance of vegetables Production and cultivation of the most important vegetable crops, the appropriate environmental conditions, the different agricultural processes, the modern trends in vegetable cultivation, protected agriculture and agriculture in open ground for vegetables, agricultural cycle and overlapping agriculture, harvesting, storage and marketing, the study of the most important vegetable crops in Palestine.

This course explores interactions between human activities and natural or man-made systems, linking them to the concept of environmental sustainability and to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures. It focuses both on strategic EIA and project EIA and discusses examples of EIA systems used in different countries.

This course deals with economic principles and special interest to natural resource economics. It focuses on the supply, demand, and allocation of the Earth’s natural resources.

This course develops a student’s ability to undertake complex feasibility studies. Students will learn these skills and techniques through performing various feasibility studies of differing size and complexity. A feasibility study is designed to establish whether a project or initiative is worth the investment in time and money needed to get it off the ground. This includes the cost of developing the initiative, but it also looks at the availability of funding, both to initiate the project and to keep it going. However, the feasibility study also looks at the evidence of need, potential take up and constraints such as the capacity of buildings, staff and the community. The course also utilizes practical situations, using the analytical and assessment tools such as spreadsheets and Web Analysis, Critical Path, evaluation and review of programs

This course involves studying the types of agricultural machinery and equipment, in terms of their importance, how they work in theory, hydraulic, power transmission and economic performance of the machine with a focus on the study of agricultural tractor, soil preparation and agriculture equipment, harvesting, prevention, fertilization, water pumping, then how to choose the necessary machinery and equipment to work effectively on the farm and fuel system, refrigeration, air, electricity, transportation and identify the technical problems in the tractor.

The course introduces the student to concepts, theories and skills in the field of human communication in Arabic and English, and provides him with basic skills in the field of communication with himself and with others through the art of recitation, dialogue, persuasion, negotiation and leadership, to enhance his practice in his daily and practical life using new methods based on diverse and effective training and evaluation. In addition to the knowledge of electronic communication and social intelligence, as well as enabling the student to write his CV and conduct a personal interview in Arabic and English. The course aims to develop the student's skills on written, oral and electronic communication and the use of body language in order to improve the abilities to communicate with others in general, in addition to the students' abilities to send and receive in the study and work environment in particular.

This course aims to solidify the concept of Islamic culture, and to introduce students to sound cultural and intellectual concepts about the sources of Islam, the Islamic faith and its’ pillars, and the Islamic Shariah, which regulates all aspects of life: social, economic and political. It also clarifies the position of Islam on a number of contemporary intellectual issues, and introduces the most important challenges facing Islam and its’ culture.

This course is concerned with providing students with the principles of first aid and the skills necessary to assist the injured, accidents, emergencies and disasters and includes measures to be taken to ensure personal safety. The course also deals with the prevention of accidents at home and in the community. Wounds, fractures, dislocations, burns, bites, stings, poisoning, loss of consciousness, suffocation, and public safety measures.

This course addresses the concept of political sciences in relation with social sciences, political analysis, state and its pillars , its job, the phenomenon of sovereignty and the borders of control, the most important political systems, elite and public opinion, and the most important political parties.

This course is an introduction to Hebrew language. Throughout this course, the students will become acquainted with the basics of Hebrew language including Hebrew alphabet, in both its printed and hand written form, Hebrew diacritics and sentence structure. At the end of the course, the students will be able to employ simple sentences to express themselves in writing and orally.

The course aims to introduce the students to modern Russian language, its alphabets, the use of simple functional grammar and simple written expressions. At the end of the course, the students will be able to read, write and speak using simple Russian expressions that will enable them to communicate effectively

The course introduces the basics of Italian language in terms of self-introduction, letters and numbers. The course topics include description of place, family and its members and how to give directions.

The student learns about the historical development of the concept of corruption and its legal definition in accordance with international conventions and internal law The student identifies the forms and forms of corruption, and knows the social, economic, and political implications of the existence of this phenomenon in Palestinian society. The student is familiar with global theories related to the causes of the emergence and spread of corruption in order to employ them in building a defense system to prevent corruption. The student will be able to make effective use of participatory monitoring and reporting frameworks on areas of corruption, and be able to use assessment tools and control mechanisms to creatively address the phenomenon of corruption in various sectors and institutions. He shall be armed with comprehensive knowledge about the values of integrity, control and accountability tools to reduce corruption in its various forms, which would qualify him later to work in the field of combating corruption and promoting good governance in Palestine. Adherence to the rules of conduct and morals related to the profession, job work, morals, honor and honesty. Knowledge and awareness of national and foreign legal systems and concepts and comparison in their multiple available languages.

This course introduces the knowledge and skills necessary to solve problems of linear and quadratic equations and inequalities, and familiarity with the concepts of groups and operations on them, Functions and their graphic representation, types of functions and algebraic operations on them, systems of linear equations, matrices and their types, and equal matrices and operations on matrices, determinants and their properties and Cramer's method. The multiplicative inverse and the multiplicative inverse method for solving systems of linear equations.

The course will cover history and scope of microbiology: prokaryotes cell structure and function, metabolism, and nutrition, microbial growth, requirements for growth, environmental factors affecting growth, effect of antimicrobial agents on growth, microbial genetics and gene cloning, bacterial and microbial taxonomy, major groups of bacteria, microorganisms and environment, immune response and antigen-antibody reaction in vitro.

The practical aspect includes training students to deal with microorganisms in terms of preparing food environments and how to plant them and isolate them and prepare microscopic slides in different ways to identify them.

This course includes the basic theoretical rules related to scientific methods of measurement, chemical calculations, periodic table, electronic structure, chemical bonds, thermochemistry, chemical reactions, gaseous state, matter states, properties of solutions, acids, bases and equilibrium of acids and bases in aqueous solutions.

"This course is designed to have a comprehensive understanding of modern agricultural practicing and ecosystems. It deals with major problems of pollution of the environment due to agriculture and how we can reduce the negative effects The effect of farming practices such as irrigation, plowing, fertilization, and pesticide application on the environment. How to reduce the effects of agricultural pollution. Further, to understand the concept and the importance of organic farming.

This course is designed to provide participants with the basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for implementing and promoting organic agriculture activities and programs. While the main focus is for agricultural technicians, this course will clarify concepts and issues about organic agriculture as well as provide practical techniques and guidelines on implementing organic agriculture projects.

Soil chemical and physical properties as related to soil fertility. Plant nutrients and their classification, functions, reactions, and availability in the soil. Movement and absorption of plant nutrients. Fertilizers classification, types and application methods. Soil fertility evaluation and fertilizers recommendations.

This practical course aims at training the students for preparation then spraying the various agricultural pesticides including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. It also includes diagnosis and identification of pests and diseases that should be sprayed with the above pesticides. The practice also includes how the spraying equipment should be used properly such as knapsack sprayers, tractor mounted sprayers.

The course include study and analysis of the regulatory legislation related to development institutions that are active in managing various developmental affairs, and aims to give the student a clear picture of the most important players in managing regulatory legislation and the necessary interventions to develop it, in addition of measuring its reflection on rural development and the agricultural sector, through institutional frameworks systems and sustainable laws that contribute to raising rural development awareness.

This course aims to introduce students to civilization, its’ characteristics, patterns, and its relationship to civics and culture. It focuses on the study of Islamic civilization, its’ genesis, components, characteristics, contemporary problems and issues, such as the civilizational interaction between Islamic civilization and the West, the contributions of Muslim scholars to human civilization, the impact of Islamic civilization on global human civilization, and ways of transmission to various countries of the world. It also deals with scientific development, Islamic systems and institutions, architecture and arts in Islamic civilization.

This course is tailored to introduce students to French Language: simple sentences, nouns, articles, pronunciation and simple structures. The course focuses on developing the four language skills of listening, reading, speaking and writing

The course deals with the general principles of plant production. Plant, various agricultural processes and means of production.

Economic principles, which include the relationship of inputs to output and the relationship of inputs to outputs. The study of productive functions and production laws and the study of costs. This article also deals with the status of agriculture in the economic structure and the characteristics of the work in agriculture

This course covers units and vectors, motion, motion and force, Newton's laws, rotational motion, momentum, work, conservation laws, gravity, heat, static electricity, electrical circuits, viscosity, surface tension. Experiments in mechanics, electricity, fluids, soil properties.

This course is designed to provide an overview of physical and chemical properties of soils and to have a comprehensive understanding of the methods of evaluation. Physical topics include the movement of water, heat, gases, and solutes through the soil. Chemistry topics include solid and solution speciation, mineral solubility, ion exchange, and oxidation-reduction reactions with major features of liquid water and the chemical processes taking place in soil solution and the soil acidity and alkalinity.

This course aims to give students the opportunity to develop specific skills in the field of plant propagation skills in the field of plant production and the practical application of all the information and experiences obtained in plant production, and also includes academic tours outside the college in order to identify the status of agriculture and the methods and techniques used in plant production in Palestine.

This course deals with the identification of insects which cause economic damage to plants including a description of insects and their life cycle, and type of damage-control measures. It covers pests from the following orders: homoptera, hemiptera, thysanoptera, diptera, coleopteran, lepidoptera, hymenoptera.

Advantage of wastewater reuse, limitation of wastewater reuse, wastewater treatment process, characteristics of wastewater, quality parameters of importance in agriculture use of wastewater, monitoring of wastewater quality for irrigation, irrigation with wastewater, strategies for managing treated wastewater on-farm, aquifer recharge with wastewater, agriculture use of sewage sludge.

The course deals with land and water in Palestine, the classification of Palestinian land and the area of reclaimed land and its importance, factors of low land productivity, sources of dissolved salts in soil, saline soils, methods of reclamation, sodic and alkaline soils and methods of reclamation, boron-rich soils and reclamation methods, and assessment of the validity of irrigation water.

The course includes two main parts that have an integrated relationship, where the first part includes agricultural marketing and briefly deals with the most important principles of marketing and its components from the market, consumer behavior and marketing channels in addition to e-marketing. Second part of the course in agricultural extension includes the most important principles of agricultural extension and a statement of links between agricultural science and farmers behavior, awareness and education of students in the main concepts and principles of agricultural extension that directed to farmers and rural society, methods of communication, and the role of agricultural extension in the development of resources, raising efficiency and productive merit, raising agricultural income through the dissemination and adoption of modern technology, in addition to the role of agricultural extension in educating farmers and their families regarding national problems, programs and policies, educating the rural women, in addition agricultural extension methods in Palestine.

The course introduces the student to the concept of problem solving, the problem and its definitions, the problem solving skill and its definitions, the stages and steps of solving the problem, the skills that the individual needs to reach an appropriate solution to the problem, the definition of the basics and skills of scientific research and the steps of preparing scientific research, as well as introducing scientific hypotheses, and introducing the student to some methods Problem solving and strategies for solving them, in addition to introducing the student to the scientific method of documentation.

This course deals with the nature, nature and objectives of sociology, the relationship of sociology with other sciences, the purposes and fields of sociology, scientific methods of contemporary sociology, the historical and philosophy roots of sociology, social thought among Greece, Muslims and the West, social theory, sociology, systematic construction in sociology, systems Social, group and society, social processes, foundations of social relations in Islam.

This course is an elective university requirement for all disciplines in the undergraduate programs. Through it, the student learns the concept of the home garden, its importance, how to coordinate it, the methods of reproduction of its plants, the types of these plants, and how to deal with them from the beginning of their cultivation and ways to take care of them such as irrigation, fertilization, breeding, pruning and harvesting, with a focus on dividing the types of these plants and determining their cultivation locations and periods of care, as well as a detailed study of all sections of the home garden from the entrance to the garden and the background of the house, planting hedges, indoor and outdoor ornamental plants, green spaces, flowers, fruit trees and vegetable plants

Treatments of analytical data acid-base reactions, precipitation and complex formation reactions, oxidation reduction reactions, gravimetric analysis.

This course is designed to provide students with the knowledge and understanding of the concept of solid waste management. The course deals with municipal solid waste composition and characteristics, collection methods, storage, transformation, and treatment methods including landfilling waste to energy and recycling. Further, it introduces the students the solid waste management policy and the means to implement it (legislation, planning, etc.).The course provides tools of solid waste management activities associated with generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, reuse and recycling, processing and disposal which should be environmentally compatible, adapting to the principles of economy, aesthetics, and energy conservation.

English 1 is a theoretical, 3-credit hour university requisite, and a general English Course which is designed to serve all BA and BSc Students of (PTUK) in all faculties. This course aims at developing students’ repertoire of the English language main skills as well as sub-skills through providing them with broad varieties of language patterns, grammatical and structural rules, and vocabulary items that can enable them to communicate meaningfully within ordinary and real-life contexts and situations. This course is also oriented towards equipping students with the skills they need to comprehend texts, contexts, and situations that are related to ordinary and real-life topics. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a wide and various aural inputs in order to broaden and deepen their skills in listening, judgment, and critical thinking. Students of this course are expected to acquire and practice the skills they need to maximize their capabilities to express opinions about ordinary and real life topics both orally and in a written format, which will help in widening the students’ academic horizon.

The course aims to introduce the students to the history of the world of architecture from ancient periods to the early Middle Ages all the way to the Baroque Renaissance architecture, neoclassical, and the industrial age.

The course deals with the study and memorization of twenty-five hadiths which are considered to be the foundations of the Prophetic Sunnah from the book (Forty Hadith of Imam An-Nawawi), in addition to clarifying the status of these hadiths among Muslim Scholars, explaining their overall meanings, along with pointing out some of their legal rulings, behavioral guidelines, and applications.

The upbringing of children and family building course is one of the university’s optional requirements. Studying this course enables students to understand human creation, by identifying the concepts of social upbringing, its objectives, conditions, characteristics and function, the human life cycle from birth to death, and the most important theories that explain it. The course provides students with an introduction to the institutions of socialization and their roles, the family and how to form and build it through marriage and the methods of marital choice to make it successful and avoid marital failure. On a number of these undesirable behavioral patterns so that students can deal with any behavioral problem in the future.

This course is a general introduction to astronomy. Through it, the student learns about the celestial bodies that inhabit this universe and the vast dimensions between them, and how he can estimate some dimensions and finally conclude some hypotheses that try to explain the emergence of this universe.

This course deals with the nature of the international community and defines its concepts, the emergence of the science of international relations, with a focus on its nature, its concepts, contents, interests and the problematic relationship with other social sciences. Ultimately, determining what the international person is, as an entry to understand the multiplicity of people of this community and their explanation, through a number of significant criteria in order to determine the status and role of each of them on the international arena.

In this course, the following topics are covered: architectural designs of automobiles, their classifications and drive systems. Components, features and types of powertrain systems starting from engine, clutch, transmission, differential, axes to wheels. Main engine systems such as cooling, lubricating, fuel and ignition are explained. Systems such as brake, suspension, steering, starter and charger are also discussed. The basic concepts of electrical and electronic systems of automobiles are defined. Fault diagnosis and regular maintenance procedures to the different automotive systems are briefly discussed.

This is the second of two general chemistry courses. It builds upon the foundation of chemical bonding concepts laid out in the first course, and applies these to important topics in chemistry. Material covered includes solutions, chemical kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry.

Training students on soil testing processes and their relationship to irrigation by type, calculate the quantities of water needed for irrigation and install and maintain irrigation systems and repair and suitability of crops.

Introduction to food preservation, the use of refrigeration, drying, smoking, salting and others in food preservation, fermentation as a means of food preservation, chemical, biological and physical basis in food preservation, causes of various food spoilage and the role of enzymes and microorganisms in this regard, the mechanism of temporary and permanent preservation, scientific visits to laboratories and factories Manufacturing and preservation of various foods, scientific visits to various food processing and preserving plants.

This course examines the concepts and methods used in analyzing the interaction between economics, environment, and society, and study a range of policies that can be applied to environmental and social problems. And how to invest all the resources for the human being.

Students perform voluntary work such as donating blood, repairing homes, tourist trails, or holding educational workshops at the university, and the student is committed to training or working for 40 hours.

An Introduction to Psychology course is one of the university’s elective courses. Studying this course enables students to understand human behavior and the ways and means of controlling, motivating and directing it, in order to enable him to become an active and productive member of society. In order for the student to be able to gain a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of behavior, the course units include the most prominent features of human behavior in terms of growth, learning, education, thinking, intelligence, motivation, emotions, perception, up to personality, psychological disorders and social behavior. The course units also include life applications and self-enrichment activities to enrich learning.

This course deals with the pillars of faith, such as belief in Allah, Tawheed, His names and attributes, belief in angels and their relationship with the universe, belief in the Prophets and Messengers) peace be upon them) the Messengers with firm resolution, belief in the books of Almighty Allah, Belief in the Last Day and the signs of the Day of Judgement, belief in divine decree, the nullifiers of faith, and judgment of people of disobedience and major sins.

This course deals with the importance of purity and its’ types, ablution and its’ obligations, sunnahs and nullifiers, tayammum (dry ritual purification), its’ pillars and nullifiers, wiping over the socks and casts, ghusl (full body ritual purification), the provisions of menstruation, postpartum bleeding, abnormal vaginal bleeding, impurity, prayer and its’ wisdom, conditions, and pillars, its’ sunnahs and etiquette, congregational prayer, shortening and combining prayers, the Friday prayer, Eid prayers, eclipse prayers, rain prayer, fear prayer, the funeral prayer, Tarawih prayers, fasting, and making up for it, kaffarah (expiation of sin) and fidyah (compulsory donation for not being able to fast).

This course is concerned with library and information studies and preparing the student scientifically to understand the nature of the use of libraries through his study of the history of writing, libraries, indexing, indexes, and classification, especially the most widely used global systems, the Dewey Decimal System, and the Congress System, so that he can obtain the information sources he wants through his knowledge of the use of libraries and information services that provide him and ways to get it back

The course aims to introduce the students to human relationship with the environment and attitudes of thinking and research related to the integration and interaction between different environmental elements. The course also tackles the impact of industrial and urban development on the environmental viability, the effects of pollution, and the decline and depletion of natural resources.

The course deals with the concept of e-governance and its importance, the advantages of the services provided by e-governance among citizens and authorities on the one hand and between the authorities themselves on the other hand, the issue of security in electronic dealings, electronic signature and an explanation of its terms and the ethical obligations resulting from it and all controls related to it. Forms of electronic services provided, the issue of electronic democracy through voting in general elections, the importance of using electronic cards by citizens and what they save time and effort, and educating people about the importance of these systems and how to use them, and they save a great deal of management time and cost.

This course deals with many topics and themes, such as the emergence and development of the captive movement inside the enemy detention centers. It also describes prisons and detention centers and identifies their origin, locations and development, and focuses on detention and torture stations, and sheds light on the self-building of the captive movement and the obstacles and challenges it faced from the occupation authorities, and does not lose sight of the democratic experience. And the cultural march of the captive movement, and clarifies the organizational structures and means of struggle of the prisoners, and reviews the strikes waged by the prisoners to demand their legitimate rights, and finally gives glimpses of the prisoners’ creativity as well as their role and political presence in the overall Palestinian struggle scene.

Plant Cell and Plant Tissue, Plant Composition Anatomy and Functions of Plant Organs (Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower,Fruit, and Seed) Plant and Energy, Plant Nutrition and Food Transfer, Plant Classification and Plant Environment.

This course covers the most important groups of agricultural pests and their economic importance and appropriate methods to protect agricultural crops from pests with emphasis on the importance of protecting the environment and reducing pollution.

The development of agriculture and its importance globally and regionally and focusing on it locality. It includes agricultural climate, production elements, plant production in irrigated and rainfed areas, animal production, product marketing, agricultural mechanization, institutions working in agriculture, problems of agriculture in the region, and advanced and modern agricultural projects.

Basic terminology is common to animal science. Common breeds of farm animals, the basic scientific principles of breeding, feeding, and management of farm animals.

This course involves the study of chemistry in solution. It deals with the gravimetric, volumetric theories and techniques as well as acid-base, oxidation-reduction, complexometry, precipitation and titrations. It also covers some spectrophotometric and instrumental theory.

This course is designed to enable students to have a comprehensive understanding of water and air pollution. It deals with an overview of the hydrological cycle, water resources and use, resources of water pollution, major problems of pollution of the atmosphere, water, the land surface, and the food chain. And the kinds of aquatic pollutants. The course focuses also on air pollution, taking into account the kinds of air pollutants and their natural and industrial resources. Physic-chemical factors that can affect the emission of these pollutants. It covers processes responsible for the occurrence and release of pollutants in the environment, the hazards associated with different types of pollutant, problems of accumulation of toxic substances, and procedures for the reduction of emissions and remediation of contaminated environments.

Strategic Elements of Food Security, Food Security Approaches, Nutrition Policies and Tools, Integrated Food Plan, Population Reproduction Laws, Food Budget, Green Revolution and Food Security, Food Aid, Fundamentals of Self-reliance, Food Security in the International Perspective, Arab and Palestinian Food Security, Food and Poverty, Global Experiences, Economic Inflation and Nutrition.

This course is designed to give students an overview of non-renewable sources of energy, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, oil and petroleum products. Identifications: of renewable sources such as water, wind, solar, electrochemical and hydrogen production as pure fuels and geothermal energy. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of energy sources will be discussed. This course will seek to provide students with a broad understanding of combustion reactions in non-renewable sources, their products and calculations, and thus the health problems associated of polluting combustion compounds resulting from fuel combustion such as air pollution. The course deals with the environmental problems related to energy usage and generation such as acid rain, greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone layer erosion, climate change, and various environmental pollutants. The energy crisis, mitigation, and energy economics.

Introduction to how organisms interact with the environment, diversity problems and their relevance to ecosystems and their impacts on living organisms, biodiversity components, how biodiversity components relate to each other, measurement and classification of biodiversity, natural habits and interactions of microorganisms. Problems and methods of conservation of natural resources and their relationship to biodiversity.

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the history and evolution of computers and their generations. Some of the topics discussed in this course are basic concepts of information technology, hardware and computer programming, computer memory, data representation, number systems, operating systems, computer networks and the Internet, databases, computer ethics, algorithms writing and flow charting. data. Students are also trained on the latest versions of Microsoft office software.

This course deals with Islamic thought, sheds light on various ideologies, and examines how they interact with Arab -Islamic heritage and Arab civilization in different stages. The course also deals with the most important challenges facing the Islamic world, such as colonialism, liberation, Arab unity, democracy, as well as problems pertaining to Arab-Islamic culture. The course reviews the factors of renaissance and modern intellectual beliefs such as patriotism and freedom, and focuses on the position of women in Arab society and their participation in public life, as well as the growth of feminist movements in various Arab societies.

The course introduces the basics of Turkish language in terms of self-introduction, letters and numbers. The course topics include description of place, family and its members and how to give directions.

Data description and organization by the graphical, numerical, vertical base, dispersion measures, probability theory, random variables, probability distributions, natural distribution, and statistical inference from large and small samples.

This course includes experiments on the properties of biological compounds, methods of detection, use of microscopy, preparation of samples, study of methods of transfer of materials through cell membranes in addition to the study of cell types and their composition.

This course deals with the basic techniques and practical skills for propagation of fruit trees, ornamental plants and vegetables. These propagation methods include sexual and vegetation of various types (cuttings, grafting and budding, layering, specialized structure and micro-propagation). The course also concentrates on using agricultural installations such as green houses, and other different agricultural environments for propagation purposes.

This course gives the student the principles and practices of sustainable farm management using farm planning. Introduce students to develop and understand sustainable farm management on a farm scale and to start a new farm business plan using the entire principles of agricultural planning including goal setting, resource assessment, project analysis, crop production, livestock, soil health, pest control, and marketing.

This course includes the preparation of a study on a specific scientific subject in the field of specialization and prepares it to give a group of students and discuss with professors and students.

This course covers the principles of integrated pest management. Environmental and economic concepts and principles of control, and ways and means by which: agricultural methods, biological, rationalization in the use of pesticides. Understand the variables that control the pest population and the proper ways to estimate the pest population and develop the appropriate plans to control it. This course also contains 3 laboratory hours each week dealing with the application of the theoretical part of this course in practice.

The course deals with the definition of different agricultural pests and pesticides, methods of pest control, especially chemical methods, economic importance of pesticides, history of pesticides, types of pesticides, their composition and methods of use, registration of pesticides and registration laws, and problems arising from the use of pesticides.

This course deals with Human food requirements and needs, the problem of food shortages in the world, food production and food security, reduce food losses

Study of cereal and legume crops in terms of economic importance, production areas, needs, and suitable environmental conditions, nutritional value, methods of raising production efficiency under rainy and irrigated conditions, various agricultural operations of the most important field crops in Palestine. This course also contains 3 laboratory hours each week dealing with the classification of field crops, plant description of the most important field crops and includes root, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds.

The course deals with the events of the Palestinian issue through the most important ages from the Canaanites until the year 2021. It focuses on the Islamic conquest of Palestine in the year 15 AH 636 AD, the Crusader torch from 1099 to the liberation of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi of Palestine in 1187, and it talks about the Ottomans in Palestine from 1516 to 1917. The course is concerned with the Palestinian issue during the British occupation in 1917, until the Nakba in 1948, and the establishment of the occupation state .It deals with the Palestinian resistance and revolutions during 100 years, and Arab-Israeli wars from 1948 to 2021.The course talks about Palestinian Liberation Organization, Palestinian resistance movements and parties, Palestinian Authority and the peace negotiations projects since the 1978 Camp David Accords until 2021.The course talks about attempts to Judaism Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque since the Palestinian setback in 1967 until 2021, and the issue of Palestinian refugees since 1948. It also anticipates the future of the Palestinian issue.

The course aims to develop the students’ cognitive abilities and communication skills in Arabic language by introducing Arabic dictionaries, spelling and grammatical errors, and familiarizing them with ancient and modern Arabic literary models including models from the Holy Qur’an.

This course aims to equip the students with the main concepts in economics during his studying at the university of the following topics:

Six training units aimed at developing entrepreneurial skills and preparing young people at the scientific level, not only to be able to establish their own projects in the future, but also to work productively in small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus, the overall goal of the program at the broader level is to contribute to the creation of an institutional culture in Palestine. And work on introducing the student to his ability to transform ideas into existing projects and companies, and how to shift thinking from a traditional style to a creative style that invests the ideas and energies of the youth group.

This course aims to introduce a number of topics in nanoscience and technology, with a focus on the effect of size on the mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties of materials. The course also introduces several recent technologies developed for the production and characterization of nanostructures and nanodevices.

This course deals with the definition of democracy and its characteristics. It also talks about the foundations on which democracy is based, and how it relates to the electoral process. It also deals with the basic rights of individuals contained in the Palestinian Basic Law, including the right to vote, run for office, and the right to participate in elections, in addition to talking about the Palestinian electoral system.

Laboratory experiments illustrate the concepts of general chemistry II such as electrochemistry, determination of a rate law, spectrophotometric determination of an equilibrium constant, buffer solutions, colligative properties of solutions

The course is providing students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the environment. It focuses on both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements of the environment. It examines the physical, chemical, and biological components of ecological interactions that influence the distribution and abundance of organisms. Particular emphasis will be paid to how energy is transmitted and the nutrients cycling in it, knowledge of the diversity of ecosystems which includes aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems, the relationships of the three environmental enclosures (water, air, and land).

Introduction to contemporary sustainable farming systems through a study of the history of food production in the world and its link to the development of ecological agriculture. Students will learn about the ethical, economic, environmental and social dimensions of agricultural sustainability. It will identify sustainable food production systems such as organic agriculture, bio-agriculture, and sustainable agriculture.

Irrigation water resources, hydraulics of wells, irrigation water quality, and salinity control. Water flow in pipelines and open canals, irrigation systems, and installations, the irrigation systems including surface water, sprinkler irrigation, and drip irrigation systems, programming and management of irrigation systems. Soil-water relationships and the basics of agricultural drainage.

The course is designed to give an overview of typical wastewater characteristics, how this may affect relevant treatment processes, will be given, in addition to treatment and effluent requirements. The course will cover the theoretical foundation, and practical configurations, design, and operation of relevant wastewater treatment processes, including physical-, chemical- and biological processes. It also focuses on how to combine different treatment processes to meet present and future effluent requirements.

This course deals with importance of protected agriculture and types greenhouses in term of design, components, installation and maintenance. Agricultural practices and operations inside greenhouses, their impact in increasing production and improving quality of various crops. The use of modern technologies in protected agriculture.

This course includes the study of the division of fruit trees according to climate and environmental factors, environmental factors affecting their cultivation, propagation of fruit plants and selection of assets. Establishment and planning of fruit orchards, water and fertilizer requirements for fruit trees, modern systems in agriculture and breeding, the study of the production and cultivation of the main fruit crops in Palestine including nuts, apples, nuts, citrus, olives, bananas, grapes, figs, etc., covering the practical part.

This course is designed to provide students with the concept of environmental management issues through the important role that environmental management systems play in contributing to the preservation of the environment. It defines the elements of management and environmental management systems, human economic activity through the conservation of raw materials and natural resources consumption. Demonstrate the requirements and advantages of environmental information and how to use environmental management systems to activate economic feasibility and competition. Demonstrate the role of environmental management systems in introducing regulations on compliance with laws and accuracy. It provides knowledge about measuring environmental performance and its impact on improving economic performance

An integrated approach to soil fertility and sustainable food production. The principles of soil formation and self-sustaining soil systems, biodiversity, biologically grown food, irrigation, water management, and social values are also discussed. Focus on crops and livestock management cases, minimizing the severe irreversible soil damages to Mediterranean ecosystems. Sustainable food production and organic farming for society. Food as a product, food policies

General Definition of Soil, Soil Formation, Soil Characteristics, Soil Water Relationships, Soil Composition Measurement, Soil Mechanical Analysis, Soil Mud Finding, Soil Moisture Content, Soil Water Voltage: Introduction to Voltage, Soil Water Compounds, Measurement Soil Water Voltage, Soil Water Voltage Relationships, Soil Water Motion, Darcy Law, Hydraulic Conductivity, Leach Physics, Soil Sampling Methods, Estimation of Bulk Density, Truth and Porosity of Soils, Determination of Moisture Content, Determination of Electrical Conductivity in Soils, Estimation of leaching.

Remedial English: The course is a compulsory service course offered for first year students. It is a prerequisite for E1 and it focuses mainly on the language learning skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. The course is intended to equip the students with basic skills necessary for successful communication in both oral and written forms of the language. In addition to grammar and how to use vocabulary in a meaningful context.

The course deals with the history and geography of the Holy City, And the nations who occupied Jerusalem from the beginning of history until the Islamic conquest of 15 AH 636 AD. The course also focuses on Jerusalem in the early days of Islam, the Umayyad state and the Abbasid era, until the Crusader occupation in 1099 AD. it talks about Jerusalem under the Crusader occupation, the Ayyubid and Mamluk eras, and the Ottoman rule. The course also deals with the British occupation of Jerusalem from 1917 to 1948, Jerusalem under Jordanian rule and Israeli occupation in 1967. The course deals with the landmarks of the current holy city and Al-Aqsa Mosque. Attempts at Judaization and settlement, And the occupation's targeting of Al-Aqsa Mosque through excavations from 1967 to 2021. It also anticipates the future of the Holy City

Law: Definition, Function, Characteristics. Sections of law: branches, divisions, sources of law, the judicial system in Jordan, principles, types of lawsuits, formations Courts, types of courts and their jurisdiction. Contracts: contract of sale, lease contract. - Palestinian laws related to practical life: the owners’ law, the tenants’ law, the personal status law, the law Labor, Social Security Law, Bar Association legislation

This course deals with the study of the basic concepts of planning such as strategy and plan. It also discusses the elements and principles of planning. Then the course focuses on the types of long-term and short-term planning. The course also deals with the daily plan, its components and parts, as well as planning periods (preparation periods, competitions and transitional periods) and also focuses on unity. training.

The course is tailored to introduce the learners to the basic reading, listening, writing and speaking skills, while revising and deepening more advanced aspects of German grammar. Topics include language and learning, family, travel, leisure time, media, careers and social contacts. Grammar topics include adjectives, the genitive form, causal and temporal relative clauses, and reflexive verb forms.

Development of soil concept and importance. The process and soil-forming factors roles in soil profile development. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil. Soil-water relations. The soil water management practices. The role of organic matter in developing the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Classification and characteristics of soil minerals.

This course introduces basic concepts nutrition, metabolism of nutrients within the human body, fate of nutrients and their interactions and symptoms of malnutrition, human nutrient requirements, types and causes of food spoilage, nutritional diseases.

In this course, practical experiments related to motion, Newton's laws, conservation laws, gravity, heat, static electricity, electrical circuits, viscosity, surface tension will be conducted. As well as, experiments in mechanics, electricity, fluids and soil properties will be conducted.

This course includes a study of the synthesis and properties of essential compounds in living organisms such as nucleic acids, proteins, fats and sugars. The course also deals with the study of energy transformations and show how cell division, cell organization, the basic components of the cell and the basic processes in the cell from transfer and feeding and others.

This course includes the following topics: identification of laboratory instruments and devices, measurement of physical properties of chemical compounds, study of some chemical reactions in quantitative and thermal terms, solubility of salts, detection of ions and calibration of acids and bases, determination of molecular weight of volatile liquids.

Study of the economic and nutritional importance of vegetables Production and cultivation of the most important vegetable crops, the appropriate environmental conditions, the different agricultural processes, the modern trends in vegetable cultivation, protected agriculture and agriculture in open ground for vegetables, agricultural cycle and overlapping agriculture, harvesting, storage and marketing, the study of the most important vegetable crops in Palestine.

This course explores interactions between human activities and natural or man-made systems, linking them to the concept of environmental sustainability and to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures. It focuses both on strategic EIA and project EIA and discusses examples of EIA systems used in different countries.

This course deals with economic principles and special interest to natural resource economics. It focuses on the supply, demand, and allocation of the Earth’s natural resources.

This course develops a student’s ability to undertake complex feasibility studies. Students will learn these skills and techniques through performing various feasibility studies of differing size and complexity. A feasibility study is designed to establish whether a project or initiative is worth the investment in time and money needed to get it off the ground. This includes the cost of developing the initiative, but it also looks at the availability of funding, both to initiate the project and to keep it going. However, the feasibility study also looks at the evidence of need, potential take up and constraints such as the capacity of buildings, staff and the community. The course also utilizes practical situations, using the analytical and assessment tools such as spreadsheets and Web Analysis, Critical Path, evaluation and review of programs

This course involves studying the types of agricultural machinery and equipment, in terms of their importance, how they work in theory, hydraulic, power transmission and economic performance of the machine with a focus on the study of agricultural tractor, soil preparation and agriculture equipment, harvesting, prevention, fertilization, water pumping, then how to choose the necessary machinery and equipment to work effectively on the farm and fuel system, refrigeration, air, electricity, transportation and identify the technical problems in the tractor.

The course introduces the student to concepts, theories and skills in the field of human communication in Arabic and English, and provides him with basic skills in the field of communication with himself and with others through the art of recitation, dialogue, persuasion, negotiation and leadership, to enhance his practice in his daily and practical life using new methods based on diverse and effective training and evaluation. In addition to the knowledge of electronic communication and social intelligence, as well as enabling the student to write his CV and conduct a personal interview in Arabic and English. The course aims to develop the student's skills on written, oral and electronic communication and the use of body language in order to improve the abilities to communicate with others in general, in addition to the students' abilities to send and receive in the study and work environment in particular.

This course aims to solidify the concept of Islamic culture, and to introduce students to sound cultural and intellectual concepts about the sources of Islam, the Islamic faith and its’ pillars, and the Islamic Shariah, which regulates all aspects of life: social, economic and political. It also clarifies the position of Islam on a number of contemporary intellectual issues, and introduces the most important challenges facing Islam and its’ culture.

This course is concerned with providing students with the principles of first aid and the skills necessary to assist the injured, accidents, emergencies and disasters and includes measures to be taken to ensure personal safety. The course also deals with the prevention of accidents at home and in the community. Wounds, fractures, dislocations, burns, bites, stings, poisoning, loss of consciousness, suffocation, and public safety measures.

This course addresses the concept of political sciences in relation with social sciences, political analysis, state and its pillars , its job, the phenomenon of sovereignty and the borders of control, the most important political systems, elite and public opinion, and the most important political parties.

This course is an introduction to Hebrew language. Throughout this course, the students will become acquainted with the basics of Hebrew language including Hebrew alphabet, in both its printed and hand written form, Hebrew diacritics and sentence structure. At the end of the course, the students will be able to employ simple sentences to express themselves in writing and orally.

The course aims to introduce the students to modern Russian language, its alphabets, the use of simple functional grammar and simple written expressions. At the end of the course, the students will be able to read, write and speak using simple Russian expressions that will enable them to communicate effectively

The course introduces the basics of Italian language in terms of self-introduction, letters and numbers. The course topics include description of place, family and its members and how to give directions.

The student learns about the historical development of the concept of corruption and its legal definition in accordance with international conventions and internal law The student identifies the forms and forms of corruption, and knows the social, economic, and political implications of the existence of this phenomenon in Palestinian society. The student is familiar with global theories related to the causes of the emergence and spread of corruption in order to employ them in building a defense system to prevent corruption. The student will be able to make effective use of participatory monitoring and reporting frameworks on areas of corruption, and be able to use assessment tools and control mechanisms to creatively address the phenomenon of corruption in various sectors and institutions. He shall be armed with comprehensive knowledge about the values of integrity, control and accountability tools to reduce corruption in its various forms, which would qualify him later to work in the field of combating corruption and promoting good governance in Palestine. Adherence to the rules of conduct and morals related to the profession, job work, morals, honor and honesty. Knowledge and awareness of national and foreign legal systems and concepts and comparison in their multiple available languages.

This course introduces the knowledge and skills necessary to solve problems of linear and quadratic equations and inequalities, and familiarity with the concepts of groups and operations on them, Functions and their graphic representation, types of functions and algebraic operations on them, systems of linear equations, matrices and their types, and equal matrices and operations on matrices, determinants and their properties and Cramer's method. The multiplicative inverse and the multiplicative inverse method for solving systems of linear equations.

The course will cover history and scope of microbiology: prokaryotes cell structure and function, metabolism, and nutrition, microbial growth, requirements for growth, environmental factors affecting growth, effect of antimicrobial agents on growth, microbial genetics and gene cloning, bacterial and microbial taxonomy, major groups of bacteria, microorganisms and environment, immune response and antigen-antibody reaction in vitro.

The practical aspect includes training students to deal with microorganisms in terms of preparing food environments and how to plant them and isolate them and prepare microscopic slides in different ways to identify them.

This course includes the basic theoretical rules related to scientific methods of measurement, chemical calculations, periodic table, electronic structure, chemical bonds, thermochemistry, chemical reactions, gaseous state, matter states, properties of solutions, acids, bases and equilibrium of acids and bases in aqueous solutions.

"This course is designed to have a comprehensive understanding of modern agricultural practicing and ecosystems. It deals with major problems of pollution of the environment due to agriculture and how we can reduce the negative effects The effect of farming practices such as irrigation, plowing, fertilization, and pesticide application on the environment. How to reduce the effects of agricultural pollution. Further, to understand the concept and the importance of organic farming.

This course is designed to provide participants with the basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for implementing and promoting organic agriculture activities and programs. While the main focus is for agricultural technicians, this course will clarify concepts and issues about organic agriculture as well as provide practical techniques and guidelines on implementing organic agriculture projects.

Soil chemical and physical properties as related to soil fertility. Plant nutrients and their classification, functions, reactions, and availability in the soil. Movement and absorption of plant nutrients. Fertilizers classification, types and application methods. Soil fertility evaluation and fertilizers recommendations.

This practical course aims at training the students for preparation then spraying the various agricultural pesticides including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. It also includes diagnosis and identification of pests and diseases that should be sprayed with the above pesticides. The practice also includes how the spraying equipment should be used properly such as knapsack sprayers, tractor mounted sprayers.

The course include study and analysis of the regulatory legislation related to development institutions that are active in managing various developmental affairs, and aims to give the student a clear picture of the most important players in managing regulatory legislation and the necessary interventions to develop it, in addition of measuring its reflection on rural development and the agricultural sector, through institutional frameworks systems and sustainable laws that contribute to raising rural development awareness.

This course aims to introduce students to civilization, its’ characteristics, patterns, and its relationship to civics and culture. It focuses on the study of Islamic civilization, its’ genesis, components, characteristics, contemporary problems and issues, such as the civilizational interaction between Islamic civilization and the West, the contributions of Muslim scholars to human civilization, the impact of Islamic civilization on global human civilization, and ways of transmission to various countries of the world. It also deals with scientific development, Islamic systems and institutions, architecture and arts in Islamic civilization.

This course is tailored to introduce students to French Language: simple sentences, nouns, articles, pronunciation and simple structures. The course focuses on developing the four language skills of listening, reading, speaking and writing

The course deals with the general principles of plant production. Plant, various agricultural processes and means of production.

Economic principles, which include the relationship of inputs to output and the relationship of inputs to outputs. The study of productive functions and production laws and the study of costs. This article also deals with the status of agriculture in the economic structure and the characteristics of the work in agriculture

This course covers units and vectors, motion, motion and force, Newton's laws, rotational motion, momentum, work, conservation laws, gravity, heat, static electricity, electrical circuits, viscosity, surface tension. Experiments in mechanics, electricity, fluids, soil properties.

This course is designed to provide an overview of physical and chemical properties of soils and to have a comprehensive understanding of the methods of evaluation. Physical topics include the movement of water, heat, gases, and solutes through the soil. Chemistry topics include solid and solution speciation, mineral solubility, ion exchange, and oxidation-reduction reactions with major features of liquid water and the chemical processes taking place in soil solution and the soil acidity and alkalinity.

This course aims to give students the opportunity to develop specific skills in the field of plant propagation skills in the field of plant production and the practical application of all the information and experiences obtained in plant production, and also includes academic tours outside the college in order to identify the status of agriculture and the methods and techniques used in plant production in Palestine.

This course deals with the identification of insects which cause economic damage to plants including a description of insects and their life cycle, and type of damage-control measures. It covers pests from the following orders: homoptera, hemiptera, thysanoptera, diptera, coleopteran, lepidoptera, hymenoptera.

Advantage of wastewater reuse, limitation of wastewater reuse, wastewater treatment process, characteristics of wastewater, quality parameters of importance in agriculture use of wastewater, monitoring of wastewater quality for irrigation, irrigation with wastewater, strategies for managing treated wastewater on-farm, aquifer recharge with wastewater, agriculture use of sewage sludge.

The course deals with land and water in Palestine, the classification of Palestinian land and the area of reclaimed land and its importance, factors of low land productivity, sources of dissolved salts in soil, saline soils, methods of reclamation, sodic and alkaline soils and methods of reclamation, boron-rich soils and reclamation methods, and assessment of the validity of irrigation water.

The course includes two main parts that have an integrated relationship, where the first part includes agricultural marketing and briefly deals with the most important principles of marketing and its components from the market, consumer behavior and marketing channels in addition to e-marketing. Second part of the course in agricultural extension includes the most important principles of agricultural extension and a statement of links between agricultural science and farmers behavior, awareness and education of students in the main concepts and principles of agricultural extension that directed to farmers and rural society, methods of communication, and the role of agricultural extension in the development of resources, raising efficiency and productive merit, raising agricultural income through the dissemination and adoption of modern technology, in addition to the role of agricultural extension in educating farmers and their families regarding national problems, programs and policies, educating the rural women, in addition agricultural extension methods in Palestine.

The course introduces the student to the concept of problem solving, the problem and its definitions, the problem solving skill and its definitions, the stages and steps of solving the problem, the skills that the individual needs to reach an appropriate solution to the problem, the definition of the basics and skills of scientific research and the steps of preparing scientific research, as well as introducing scientific hypotheses, and introducing the student to some methods Problem solving and strategies for solving them, in addition to introducing the student to the scientific method of documentation.

This course deals with the nature, nature and objectives of sociology, the relationship of sociology with other sciences, the purposes and fields of sociology, scientific methods of contemporary sociology, the historical and philosophy roots of sociology, social thought among Greece, Muslims and the West, social theory, sociology, systematic construction in sociology, systems Social, group and society, social processes, foundations of social relations in Islam.

This course is an elective university requirement for all disciplines in the undergraduate programs. Through it, the student learns the concept of the home garden, its importance, how to coordinate it, the methods of reproduction of its plants, the types of these plants, and how to deal with them from the beginning of their cultivation and ways to take care of them such as irrigation, fertilization, breeding, pruning and harvesting, with a focus on dividing the types of these plants and determining their cultivation locations and periods of care, as well as a detailed study of all sections of the home garden from the entrance to the garden and the background of the house, planting hedges, indoor and outdoor ornamental plants, green spaces, flowers, fruit trees and vegetable plants

Treatments of analytical data acid-base reactions, precipitation and complex formation reactions, oxidation reduction reactions, gravimetric analysis.

This course is designed to provide students with the knowledge and understanding of the concept of solid waste management. The course deals with municipal solid waste composition and characteristics, collection methods, storage, transformation, and treatment methods including landfilling waste to energy and recycling. Further, it introduces the students the solid waste management policy and the means to implement it (legislation, planning, etc.).The course provides tools of solid waste management activities associated with generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, reuse and recycling, processing and disposal which should be environmentally compatible, adapting to the principles of economy, aesthetics, and energy conservation.

English 1 is a theoretical, 3-credit hour university requisite, and a general English Course which is designed to serve all BA and BSc Students of (PTUK) in all faculties. This course aims at developing students’ repertoire of the English language main skills as well as sub-skills through providing them with broad varieties of language patterns, grammatical and structural rules, and vocabulary items that can enable them to communicate meaningfully within ordinary and real-life contexts and situations. This course is also oriented towards equipping students with the skills they need to comprehend texts, contexts, and situations that are related to ordinary and real-life topics. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a wide and various aural inputs in order to broaden and deepen their skills in listening, judgment, and critical thinking. Students of this course are expected to acquire and practice the skills they need to maximize their capabilities to express opinions about ordinary and real life topics both orally and in a written format, which will help in widening the students’ academic horizon.

The course aims to introduce the students to the history of the world of architecture from ancient periods to the early Middle Ages all the way to the Baroque Renaissance architecture, neoclassical, and the industrial age.

The course deals with the study and memorization of twenty-five hadiths which are considered to be the foundations of the Prophetic Sunnah from the book (Forty Hadith of Imam An-Nawawi), in addition to clarifying the status of these hadiths among Muslim Scholars, explaining their overall meanings, along with pointing out some of their legal rulings, behavioral guidelines, and applications.

The upbringing of children and family building course is one of the university’s optional requirements. Studying this course enables students to understand human creation, by identifying the concepts of social upbringing, its objectives, conditions, characteristics and function, the human life cycle from birth to death, and the most important theories that explain it. The course provides students with an introduction to the institutions of socialization and their roles, the family and how to form and build it through marriage and the methods of marital choice to make it successful and avoid marital failure. On a number of these undesirable behavioral patterns so that students can deal with any behavioral problem in the future.

This course is a general introduction to astronomy. Through it, the student learns about the celestial bodies that inhabit this universe and the vast dimensions between them, and how he can estimate some dimensions and finally conclude some hypotheses that try to explain the emergence of this universe.

This course deals with the nature of the international community and defines its concepts, the emergence of the science of international relations, with a focus on its nature, its concepts, contents, interests and the problematic relationship with other social sciences. Ultimately, determining what the international person is, as an entry to understand the multiplicity of people of this community and their explanation, through a number of significant criteria in order to determine the status and role of each of them on the international arena.

In this course, the following topics are covered: architectural designs of automobiles, their classifications and drive systems. Components, features and types of powertrain systems starting from engine, clutch, transmission, differential, axes to wheels. Main engine systems such as cooling, lubricating, fuel and ignition are explained. Systems such as brake, suspension, steering, starter and charger are also discussed. The basic concepts of electrical and electronic systems of automobiles are defined. Fault diagnosis and regular maintenance procedures to the different automotive systems are briefly discussed.

This is the second of two general chemistry courses. It builds upon the foundation of chemical bonding concepts laid out in the first course, and applies these to important topics in chemistry. Material covered includes solutions, chemical kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry.

Training students on soil testing processes and their relationship to irrigation by type, calculate the quantities of water needed for irrigation and install and maintain irrigation systems and repair and suitability of crops.

Introduction to food preservation, the use of refrigeration, drying, smoking, salting and others in food preservation, fermentation as a means of food preservation, chemical, biological and physical basis in food preservation, causes of various food spoilage and the role of enzymes and microorganisms in this regard, the mechanism of temporary and permanent preservation, scientific visits to laboratories and factories Manufacturing and preservation of various foods, scientific visits to various food processing and preserving plants.

This course examines the concepts and methods used in analyzing the interaction between economics, environment, and society, and study a range of policies that can be applied to environmental and social problems. And how to invest all the resources for the human being.

Students perform voluntary work such as donating blood, repairing homes, tourist trails, or holding educational workshops at the university, and the student is committed to training or working for 40 hours.

An Introduction to Psychology course is one of the university’s elective courses. Studying this course enables students to understand human behavior and the ways and means of controlling, motivating and directing it, in order to enable him to become an active and productive member of society. In order for the student to be able to gain a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of behavior, the course units include the most prominent features of human behavior in terms of growth, learning, education, thinking, intelligence, motivation, emotions, perception, up to personality, psychological disorders and social behavior. The course units also include life applications and self-enrichment activities to enrich learning.

This course deals with the pillars of faith, such as belief in Allah, Tawheed, His names and attributes, belief in angels and their relationship with the universe, belief in the Prophets and Messengers) peace be upon them) the Messengers with firm resolution, belief in the books of Almighty Allah, Belief in the Last Day and the signs of the Day of Judgement, belief in divine decree, the nullifiers of faith, and judgment of people of disobedience and major sins.

This course deals with the importance of purity and its’ types, ablution and its’ obligations, sunnahs and nullifiers, tayammum (dry ritual purification), its’ pillars and nullifiers, wiping over the socks and casts, ghusl (full body ritual purification), the provisions of menstruation, postpartum bleeding, abnormal vaginal bleeding, impurity, prayer and its’ wisdom, conditions, and pillars, its’ sunnahs and etiquette, congregational prayer, shortening and combining prayers, the Friday prayer, Eid prayers, eclipse prayers, rain prayer, fear prayer, the funeral prayer, Tarawih prayers, fasting, and making up for it, kaffarah (expiation of sin) and fidyah (compulsory donation for not being able to fast).

This course is concerned with library and information studies and preparing the student scientifically to understand the nature of the use of libraries through his study of the history of writing, libraries, indexing, indexes, and classification, especially the most widely used global systems, the Dewey Decimal System, and the Congress System, so that he can obtain the information sources he wants through his knowledge of the use of libraries and information services that provide him and ways to get it back

The course aims to introduce the students to human relationship with the environment and attitudes of thinking and research related to the integration and interaction between different environmental elements. The course also tackles the impact of industrial and urban development on the environmental viability, the effects of pollution, and the decline and depletion of natural resources.

The course deals with the concept of e-governance and its importance, the advantages of the services provided by e-governance among citizens and authorities on the one hand and between the authorities themselves on the other hand, the issue of security in electronic dealings, electronic signature and an explanation of its terms and the ethical obligations resulting from it and all controls related to it. Forms of electronic services provided, the issue of electronic democracy through voting in general elections, the importance of using electronic cards by citizens and what they save time and effort, and educating people about the importance of these systems and how to use them, and they save a great deal of management time and cost.

This course deals with many topics and themes, such as the emergence and development of the captive movement inside the enemy detention centers. It also describes prisons and detention centers and identifies their origin, locations and development, and focuses on detention and torture stations, and sheds light on the self-building of the captive movement and the obstacles and challenges it faced from the occupation authorities, and does not lose sight of the democratic experience. And the cultural march of the captive movement, and clarifies the organizational structures and means of struggle of the prisoners, and reviews the strikes waged by the prisoners to demand their legitimate rights, and finally gives glimpses of the prisoners’ creativity as well as their role and political presence in the overall Palestinian struggle scene.

Plant Cell and Plant Tissue, Plant Composition Anatomy and Functions of Plant Organs (Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower,Fruit, and Seed) Plant and Energy, Plant Nutrition and Food Transfer, Plant Classification and Plant Environment.

This course covers the most important groups of agricultural pests and their economic importance and appropriate methods to protect agricultural crops from pests with emphasis on the importance of protecting the environment and reducing pollution.

The development of agriculture and its importance globally and regionally and focusing on it locality. It includes agricultural climate, production elements, plant production in irrigated and rainfed areas, animal production, product marketing, agricultural mechanization, institutions working in agriculture, problems of agriculture in the region, and advanced and modern agricultural projects.

Basic terminology is common to animal science. Common breeds of farm animals, the basic scientific principles of breeding, feeding, and management of farm animals.

This course involves the study of chemistry in solution. It deals with the gravimetric, volumetric theories and techniques as well as acid-base, oxidation-reduction, complexometry, precipitation and titrations. It also covers some spectrophotometric and instrumental theory.

This course is designed to enable students to have a comprehensive understanding of water and air pollution. It deals with an overview of the hydrological cycle, water resources and use, resources of water pollution, major problems of pollution of the atmosphere, water, the land surface, and the food chain. And the kinds of aquatic pollutants. The course focuses also on air pollution, taking into account the kinds of air pollutants and their natural and industrial resources. Physic-chemical factors that can affect the emission of these pollutants. It covers processes responsible for the occurrence and release of pollutants in the environment, the hazards associated with different types of pollutant, problems of accumulation of toxic substances, and procedures for the reduction of emissions and remediation of contaminated environments.

Strategic Elements of Food Security, Food Security Approaches, Nutrition Policies and Tools, Integrated Food Plan, Population Reproduction Laws, Food Budget, Green Revolution and Food Security, Food Aid, Fundamentals of Self-reliance, Food Security in the International Perspective, Arab and Palestinian Food Security, Food and Poverty, Global Experiences, Economic Inflation and Nutrition.

This course is designed to give students an overview of non-renewable sources of energy, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, oil and petroleum products. Identifications: of renewable sources such as water, wind, solar, electrochemical and hydrogen production as pure fuels and geothermal energy. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of energy sources will be discussed. This course will seek to provide students with a broad understanding of combustion reactions in non-renewable sources, their products and calculations, and thus the health problems associated of polluting combustion compounds resulting from fuel combustion such as air pollution. The course deals with the environmental problems related to energy usage and generation such as acid rain, greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone layer erosion, climate change, and various environmental pollutants. The energy crisis, mitigation, and energy economics.

Introduction to how organisms interact with the environment, diversity problems and their relevance to ecosystems and their impacts on living organisms, biodiversity components, how biodiversity components relate to each other, measurement and classification of biodiversity, natural habits and interactions of microorganisms. Problems and methods of conservation of natural resources and their relationship to biodiversity.

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the history and evolution of computers and their generations. Some of the topics discussed in this course are basic concepts of information technology, hardware and computer programming, computer memory, data representation, number systems, operating systems, computer networks and the Internet, databases, computer ethics, algorithms writing and flow charting. data. Students are also trained on the latest versions of Microsoft office software.

This course deals with Islamic thought, sheds light on various ideologies, and examines how they interact with Arab -Islamic heritage and Arab civilization in different stages. The course also deals with the most important challenges facing the Islamic world, such as colonialism, liberation, Arab unity, democracy, as well as problems pertaining to Arab-Islamic culture. The course reviews the factors of renaissance and modern intellectual beliefs such as patriotism and freedom, and focuses on the position of women in Arab society and their participation in public life, as well as the growth of feminist movements in various Arab societies.

The course introduces the basics of Turkish language in terms of self-introduction, letters and numbers. The course topics include description of place, family and its members and how to give directions.

Data description and organization by the graphical, numerical, vertical base, dispersion measures, probability theory, random variables, probability distributions, natural distribution, and statistical inference from large and small samples.

This course includes experiments on the properties of biological compounds, methods of detection, use of microscopy, preparation of samples, study of methods of transfer of materials through cell membranes in addition to the study of cell types and their composition.

This course deals with the basic techniques and practical skills for propagation of fruit trees, ornamental plants and vegetables. These propagation methods include sexual and vegetation of various types (cuttings, grafting and budding, layering, specialized structure and micro-propagation). The course also concentrates on using agricultural installations such as green houses, and other different agricultural environments for propagation purposes.

This course gives the student the principles and practices of sustainable farm management using farm planning. Introduce students to develop and understand sustainable farm management on a farm scale and to start a new farm business plan using the entire principles of agricultural planning including goal setting, resource assessment, project analysis, crop production, livestock, soil health, pest control, and marketing.

This course includes the preparation of a study on a specific scientific subject in the field of specialization and prepares it to give a group of students and discuss with professors and students.

This course covers the principles of integrated pest management. Environmental and economic concepts and principles of control, and ways and means by which: agricultural methods, biological, rationalization in the use of pesticides. Understand the variables that control the pest population and the proper ways to estimate the pest population and develop the appropriate plans to control it. This course also contains 3 laboratory hours each week dealing with the application of the theoretical part of this course in practice.

The course deals with the definition of different agricultural pests and pesticides, methods of pest control, especially chemical methods, economic importance of pesticides, history of pesticides, types of pesticides, their composition and methods of use, registration of pesticides and registration laws, and problems arising from the use of pesticides.

This course deals with Human food requirements and needs, the problem of food shortages in the world, food production and food security, reduce food losses

Study of cereal and legume crops in terms of economic importance, production areas, needs, and suitable environmental conditions, nutritional value, methods of raising production efficiency under rainy and irrigated conditions, various agricultural operations of the most important field crops in Palestine. This course also contains 3 laboratory hours each week dealing with the classification of field crops, plant description of the most important field crops and includes root, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds.