The course includes letters - introductions - numbers - ordinal numbers - demonstrative pronouns - plural forms - nationalities and languages - nominal sentences in affirmation and negation - family description - prepositions - present tense in its cases - self-introduction - adjectives - courtesies - description of the house and its contents - dialogues in the hotel at the seller... words and their antonyms - words and their synonyms - past tense - months - days of the week - the four seasons

This course is about human rights in Islam. Women in Islam: Islam's general view of women Islam and Democracy. Democracy: Its concept, origins and development. Shura in Islam: Its Concept, Manifestations. Holding public meetings, forming parties and associations. Guarantees of Democracy and Shura. Islam and globalization. Islam and the environment. Islam's position on terrorism and legitimate defense. Islam's fight against drugs. Islam and the crisis of education and scientific research: The importance of water and food: The Islamic approach to their realization, Islam and the media: Defining the media issue, the importance of the media, counter-media and ways to counter it.

The course is considered to be an optional university requirement, as studying this course enables an understanding of human creation through learning about the concepts of social upbringing, its goals, conditions, characteristics, and function, and the life cycle of a person from birth to his death, and the most important theories that explained that. The course also allows students to get acquainted with the Social upbringing institutions and its roles, and the family and how it is formed and built through marriage and ways of marital selection for its success and avoiding marital failure.

Data description and organization by the graphical, numerical, vertical base, dispersion measures, probability theory, random variables, probability distributions, natural distribution, and statistical inference from large and small samples.

Economic principles, which include the relationship of inputs to output and the relationship of inputs to outputs. The study of productive functions and production laws and the study of costs. This article also deals with the status of agriculture in the economic structure and the characteristics of the work in agriculture

Basic terminology is common to animal science. Common breeds of farm animals, the basic scientific principles of breeding, feeding, and management of farm animals.

This is the second of two general chemistry courses. It builds upon the foundation of chemical bonding concepts laid out in the first course, and applies these to important topics in chemistry. Material covered includes solutions, chemical kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry.

In this course, practical experiments related to motion, Newton's laws, conservation laws, gravity, heat, static electricity, electrical circuits, viscosity, surface tension will be conducted. As well as, experiments in mechanics, electricity, fluids and soil properties will be conducted.

This course is designed to provide students with the knowledge and understanding of the concept of solid waste management. The course deals with municipal solid waste composition and characteristics, collection methods, storage, transformation, and treatment methods including landfilling waste to energy and recycling. Further, it introduces the students the solid waste management policy and the means to implement it (legislation, planning, etc.).The course provides tools of solid waste management activities associated with generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, reuse and recycling, processing and disposal which should be environmentally compatible, adapting to the principles of economy, aesthetics, and energy conservation.

Soil chemical and physical properties as related to soil fertility. Plant nutrients and their classification, functions, reactions, and availability in the soil. Movement and absorption of plant nutrients. Fertilizers classification, types and application methods. Soil fertility evaluation and fertilizers recommendations.

This course examines the concepts and methods used in analyzing the interaction between economics, environment, and society, and study a range of policies that can be applied to environmental and social problems. And how to invest all the resources for the human being.

Remedial English: The course is a compulsory service course offered for first year students. It is a prerequisite for E1 and it focuses mainly on the language learning skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. The course is intended to equip the students with basic skills necessary for successful communication in both oral and written forms of the language. In addition to grammar and how to use vocabulary in a meaningful context.

This course addresses the concept of political sciences in relation with social sciences, political analysis, state and it pillars, its job, the phenomenon of sovereignty and the borders of control, the most important political systems, elite and public opinion, and the most important political parties.

Plant Cell and Plant Tissue, Plant Composition Anatomy and Functions of Plant Organs (Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower,Fruit, and Seed) Plant and Energy, Plant Nutrition and Food Transfer, Plant Classification and Plant Environment.

This course covers the most important groups of agricultural pests and their economic importance and appropriate methods to protect agricultural crops from pests with emphasis on the importance of protecting the environment and reducing pollution.

Through the study of this introductory course, the students will be introduced to determine the concentration of non-organic compounds in biological, environmental and food samples. Sampling, error and statistical analysis as applied to analytical chemistry. Specific analytical techniques or concepts covered are gravimetric, complex metric, volumetric, analysis such as acid-base titration and standardization, oxidation-reduction, and precipitation titration.

This course includes the following topics: identification of laboratory instruments and devices, measurement of physical properties of chemical compounds, study of some chemical reactions in quantitative and thermal terms, solubility of salts, detection of ions and calibration of acids and bases, determination of molecular weight of volatile liquids.

The course is providing students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the environment. It focuses on both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements of the environment. It examines the physical, chemical, and biological components of ecological interactions that influence the distribution and abundance of organisms. Particular emphasis will be paid to how energy is transmitted and the nutrients cycling in it, knowledge of the diversity of ecosystems which includes aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems, the relationships of the three environmental enclosures (water, air, and land).

"This course is designed to have a comprehensive understanding of modern agricultural practicing and ecosystems. It deals with major problems of pollution of the environment due to agriculture and how we can reduce the negative effects The effect of farming practices such as irrigation, plowing, fertilization, and pesticide application on the environment. How to reduce the effects of agricultural pollution. Further, to understand the concept and the importance of organic farming.

Introduction to contemporary sustainable farming systems through a study of the history of food production in the world and its link to the development of ecological agriculture. Students will learn about the ethical, economic, environmental and social dimensions of agricultural sustainability. It will identify sustainable food production systems such as organic agriculture, bio-agriculture, and sustainable agriculture.

This practical course aims at training the students for preparation then spraying the various agricultural pesticides including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. It also includes diagnosis and identification of pests and diseases that should be sprayed with the above pesticides. The practice also includes how the spraying equipment should be used properly such as knapsack sprayers, tractor mounted sprayers.

This course explores interactions between human activities and natural or man-made systems, linking them to the concept of environmental sustainability and to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures. It focuses both on strategic EIA and project EIA and discusses examples of EIA systems used in different countries.

This course covers the principles of integrated pest management. Environmental and economic concepts and principles of control, and ways and means by which: agricultural methods, biological, rationalization in the use of pesticides. Understand the variables that control the pest population and the proper ways to estimate the pest population and develop the appropriate plans to control it. This course also contains 3 laboratory hours each week dealing with the application of the theoretical part of this course in practice.

The course include study and analysis of the regulatory legislation related to development institutions that are active in managing various developmental affairs, and aims to give the student a clear picture of the most important players in managing regulatory legislation and the necessary interventions to develop it, in addition of measuring its reflection on rural development and the agricultural sector, through institutional frameworks systems and sustainable laws that contribute to raising rural development awareness.

English 1 is a theoretical, 3-credit hour university requisite, and a general English Course which is designed to serve all BA and BSc Students of (PTUK) in all faculties. This course aims at developing students’ repertoire of the English language main skills as well as sub-skills through providing them with broad varieties of language patterns, grammatical and structural rules, and vocabulary items that can enable them to communicate meaningfully within ordinary and real-life contexts and situations. This course is also oriented towards equipping students with the skills they need to comprehend texts, contexts, and situations that are related to ordinary and real-life topics. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a wide and various aural inputs in order to broaden and deepen their skills in listening, judgment, and critical thinking. Students of this course are expected to acquire and practice the skills they need to maximize their capabilities to express opinions about ordinary and real life topics both orally and in a written format, which will help in widening the students’ academic horizon.

This course covers many topics related to the development of students' personal skills in effective communication to understand and influence others and enhance their leadership abilities, in line with the university's goals of preparing a scientifically and professionally qualified workforce ready for the future and facing its challenges, and being able to meet the needs of the community. It includes understanding the concept, goals, characteristics, nature, elements, types, methods, and skills of communication, in addition to verbal and non-verbal communication, writing resumes, and personal interviews.

Hebrew 1 is an introductory course that introduces students to the basics of the four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing: Listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course focuses on enabling students to master the Hebrew alphabet, understand basic pronunciation rules, and use simple grammatical structures in real-life communicative contexts. The course also seeks to develop students' lexical repertoire and enhance their ability to express their thoughts in clear language in everyday situations. In addition to the linguistic aspect, the course introduces students to selected cultural aspects that contribute to understanding the social and historical context of the language. This course is a cornerstone in building language proficiency and a precursor to the advanced stages of learning Hebrew.

This course aims to develop communication and professional communication skills by improving interaction with others, influencing them, and enhancing self-confidence through communication. It also aims to improve skills in overcoming barriers to professional communication and enhancing the communication process with the professional community. The concept of communication in professional work includes the components of communication, its elements, types, forms, and patterns, as well as the network of relationships and the foundations of professional work, in addition to tactics and obstacles in professional work, methods and skills of professional communication, types of employees, and how to deal with them.

This course includes a study of the synthesis and properties of essential compounds in living organisms such as nucleic acids, proteins, fats and sugars. The course also deals with the study of energy transformations and show how cell division, cell organization, the basic components of the cell and the basic processes in the cell from transfer and feeding and others.

This course deals with the basic techniques and practical skills for propagation of fruit trees, ornamental plants and vegetables. These propagation methods include sexual and vegetation of various types (cuttings, grafting and budding, layering, specialized structure and micro-propagation). The course also concentrates on using agricultural installations such as green houses, and other different agricultural environments for propagation purposes.

This course is designed to provide participants with the basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for implementing and promoting organic agriculture activities and programs. While the main focus is for agricultural technicians, this course will clarify concepts and issues about organic agriculture as well as provide practical techniques and guidelines on implementing organic agriculture projects.

Study of the economic and nutritional importance of vegetables Production and cultivation of the most important vegetable crops, the appropriate environmental conditions, the different agricultural processes, the modern trends in vegetable cultivation, protected agriculture and agriculture in open ground for vegetables, agricultural cycle and overlapping agriculture, harvesting, storage and marketing, the study of the most important vegetable crops in Palestine.

This course includes the study of the division of fruit trees according to climate and environmental factors, environmental factors affecting their cultivation, propagation of fruit plants and selection of assets. Establishment and planning of fruit orchards, water and fertilizer requirements for fruit trees, modern systems in agriculture and breeding, the study of the production and cultivation of the main fruit crops in Palestine including nuts, apples, nuts, citrus, olives, bananas, grapes, figs, etc., covering the practical part.

This course involves studying the types of agricultural machinery and equipment, in terms of their importance, how they work in theory, hydraulic, power transmission and economic performance of the machine with a focus on the study of agricultural tractor, soil preparation and agriculture equipment, harvesting, prevention, fertilization, water pumping, then how to choose the necessary machinery and equipment to work effectively on the farm and fuel system, refrigeration, air, electricity, transportation and identify the technical problems in the tractor.

This course is designed to serve PTUK students in the faculties of Science and Engineering as well as the students of Educational Technology (ET); it offers a broad overview of the English language learning skills in reading, writing, speaking that will enable them to communicate meaningfully in scientific contexts and situations. It also offers a broad variety of scientific language grammatical patterns and vocabulary items that are needed to comprehend scientific contexts and trends. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a variety of scientific topics, aural input in order to broaden and deepen their critical thinking skills and to help them express opinions about modern scientific topics and problems.

This course aims to familiarize students with the concept of the Islamic economic system, its objectives and functions, the economic goals of society, economic activity and its regulations in peace: Consumption, production, distribution, exchange, property and its nature in the Islamic economy, monetary system, financial and banking system, market and balance, price and pricing under Shari'ah rules.

This course addresses general legal concepts and the development of applicable laws in Palestine, as well as the sources and types of legal rules, in addition to the relationship between law and society. It focuses on the rights and duties of individuals in the Palestinian Basic Law and ordinary laws, presenting practical examples from the local reality, and aims to develop legal awareness among students and empower them to understand the legal issues that affect their personal and professional lives.

This course deals with the importance of the emergence and development of the captive national movement, the most important prisons, detention and torture stations, the educational and cultural process, organizational structures, struggle methods and prison literature

Recognize the historical development and origins of the concept of democracy and its types, and ways to diagnose the reasons for the decline in the practice of democracy in the political systems of countries and how to solve them. And recognize the characteristics of the components of democracy and establish its correct foundations in the political systems of countries, in order to ensure that its citizens enjoy its outputs and arm themselves with the force of law to defend the privileges stemming from it and build a free society that believes in its full and undiminished rights and the duties assigned to it in order to protect the political system from regression, disintegration and chaos. Identify the most important relationships between democracy, human rights, and civil society organizations, through the influence and impact between them, what are the outcomes and results of these relationships, and how they contribute to building a democratic society in which the political system guarantees public rights and freedoms. To enable individuals to participate effectively in choosing the form of government that achieves the foundations of coexistence, understanding, tolerance and respect among the people of the same people with different ideological, religious, linguistic and ethnic orientations.

This course aims to introduce students to the concept of corruption, its forms, causes, and repercussions on society and the state, with a focus on the legal and institutional environment for combating corruption in Palestine. The course addresses the legal framework for combating corruption, including the Palestinian Anti-Corruption Law, the role of the Anti-Corruption Commission, the Public Prosecution, the judiciary, and oversight institutions, and discusses relevant international conventions, such as the United Nations Convention against Corruption, and their compatibility with Palestinian legislation, and analyzes the most important crimes related to corruption, such as bribery, abuse of public office, illicit enrichment, and money laundering.

The student gets acquainted with the types of vehicles, their classification, and the types of circuit in them. The student also learns about the components, types, and characteristics of the power transmission group, starting from the clutch engine, speed box, shaft, operation group, and even the wheels.

This course introduces basic concepts nutrition, metabolism of nutrients within the human body, fate of nutrients and their interactions and symptoms of malnutrition, human nutrient requirements, types and causes of food spoilage, nutritional diseases.

Students will learn the different methods of analysis of non- organic compound

This course is designed to enable students to have a comprehensive understanding of water and air pollution. It deals with an overview of the hydrological cycle, water resources and use, resources of water pollution, major problems of pollution of the atmosphere, water, the land surface, and the food chain. And the kinds of aquatic pollutants. The course focuses also on air pollution, taking into account the kinds of air pollutants and their natural and industrial resources. Physic-chemical factors that can affect the emission of these pollutants. It covers processes responsible for the occurrence and release of pollutants in the environment, the hazards associated with different types of pollutant, problems of accumulation of toxic substances, and procedures for the reduction of emissions and remediation of contaminated environments.

This course deals with importance of protected agriculture and types greenhouses in term of design, components, installation and maintenance. Agricultural practices and operations inside greenhouses, their impact in increasing production and improving quality of various crops. The use of modern technologies in protected agriculture.

This course includes the preparation of a study on a specific scientific subject in the field of specialization and prepares it to give a group of students and discuss with professors and students.

Strategic Elements of Food Security, Food Security Approaches, Nutrition Policies and Tools, Integrated Food Plan, Population Reproduction Laws, Food Budget, Green Revolution and Food Security, Food Aid, Fundamentals of Self-reliance, Food Security in the International Perspective, Arab and Palestinian Food Security, Food and Poverty, Global Experiences, Economic Inflation and Nutrition.

This course deals with the identification of insects which cause economic damage to plants including a description of insects and their life cycle, and type of damage-control measures. It covers pests from the following orders: homoptera, hemiptera, thysanoptera, diptera, coleopteran, lepidoptera, hymenoptera.

Advantage of wastewater reuse, limitation of wastewater reuse, wastewater treatment process, characteristics of wastewater, quality parameters of importance in agriculture use of wastewater, monitoring of wastewater quality for irrigation, irrigation with wastewater, strategies for managing treated wastewater on-farm, aquifer recharge with wastewater, agriculture use of sewage sludge.

Study of cereal and legume crops in terms of economic importance, production areas, needs, and suitable environmental conditions, nutritional value, methods of raising production efficiency under rainy and irrigated conditions, various agricultural operations of the most important field crops in Palestine. This course also contains 3 laboratory hours each week dealing with the classification of field crops, plant description of the most important field crops and includes root, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds.

This course develops a student’s ability to undertake complex feasibility studies. Students will learn these skills and techniques through performing various feasibility studies of differing size and complexity. A feasibility study is designed to establish whether a project or initiative is worth the investment in time and money needed to get it off the ground. This includes the cost of developing the initiative, but it also looks at the availability of funding, both to initiate the project and to keep it going. However, the feasibility study also looks at the evidence of need, potential take up and constraints such as the capacity of buildings, staff and the community. The course also utilizes practical situations, using the analytical and assessment tools such as spreadsheets and Web Analysis, Critical Path, evaluation and review of programs

Laboratory experiments illustrate the concepts of general chemistry II such as electrochemistry, determination of a rate law, spectrophotometric determination of an equilibrium constant, buffer solutions, colligative properties of solutions

This course includes experiments on the properties of biological compounds, methods of detection, use of microscopy, preparation of samples, study of methods of transfer of materials through cell membranes in addition to the study of cell types and their composition.

This course is designed to give students an overview of non-renewable sources of energy, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, oil and petroleum products. Identifications: of renewable sources such as water, wind, solar, electrochemical and hydrogen production as pure fuels and geothermal energy. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of energy sources will be discussed. This course will seek to provide students with a broad understanding of combustion reactions in non-renewable sources, their products and calculations, and thus the health problems associated of polluting combustion compounds resulting from fuel combustion such as air pollution. The course deals with the environmental problems related to energy usage and generation such as acid rain, greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone layer erosion, climate change, and various environmental pollutants. The energy crisis, mitigation, and energy economics.

Introduction to how organisms interact with the environment, diversity problems and their relevance to ecosystems and their impacts on living organisms, biodiversity components, how biodiversity components relate to each other, measurement and classification of biodiversity, natural habits and interactions of microorganisms. Problems and methods of conservation of natural resources and their relationship to biodiversity.

The course deals with the events of the Palestinian issue through the most important ages from the Canaanites until the year 2021. It focuses on the Islamic conquest of Palestine in the year 15 AH 636 AD, the Crusader torch from 1099 to the liberation of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi of Palestine in 1187, and it talks about the Ottomans in Palestine from 1516 to 1917. The course is concerned with the Palestinian issue during the British occupation in 1917, until the Nakba in 1948, and the establishment of the occupation state .It deals with the Palestinian resistance and revolutions during 100 years, and Arab-Israeli wars from 1948 to 2021.The course talks about Palestinian Liberation Organization, Palestinian resistance movements and parties, Palestinian Authority and the peace negotiations projects since the 1978 Camp David Accords until 2021.The course talks about attempts to Judaism Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque since the Palestinian setback in 1967 until 2021, and the issue of Palestinian refugees since 1948. It also anticipates the future of the Palestinian issue.

The course aims to develop the students’ cognitive abilities and communication skills in Arabic language by introducing Arabic dictionaries, spelling and grammatical errors, and familiarizing them with ancient and modern Arabic literary models including models from the Holy Qur’an.

Students perform voluntary work such as donating blood, repairing homes, tourist trails, or holding educational workshops at the university, and the student is committed to training or working for 40 hours.

This course includes the most important issues facing humanity that affect people individually and collectively in the social, economic, political and health aspects and affect their happiness and some of these issues affect the continuation and survival of the human race and can be generalized under the following headings: Globalization and the capitalist system

This course deals with the nature of the international community and defines its concepts, the emergence of the science of international relations, with a focus on its nature, its concepts, contents, interests and the problematic relationship with other social sciences. Ultimately, determining what the international person is, as an entry to understand the multiplicity of people of this community and their explanation, through a number of significant criteria in order to determine the status and role of each of them on the international arena

This course introduces the knowledge and skills necessary to solve problems of linear and quadratic equations and inequalities, and familiarity with the concepts of groups and operations on them, Functions and their graphic representation, types of functions and algebraic operations on them, systems of linear equations, matrices and their types, and equal matrices and operations on matrices, determinants and their properties and Cramer's method. The multiplicative inverse and the multiplicative inverse method for solving systems of linear equations.

The course deals with the general principles of plant production. Plant, various agricultural processes and means of production.

The practical aspect includes training students to deal with microorganisms in terms of preparing food environments and how to plant them and isolate them and prepare microscopic slides in different ways to identify them.

This course covers units and vectors, motion, motion and force, Newton's laws, rotational motion, momentum, work, conservation laws, gravity, heat, static electricity, electrical circuits, viscosity, surface tension. Experiments in mechanics, electricity, fluids, soil properties.

This course includes the basic theoretical rules related to scientific methods of measurement, chemical calculations, periodic table, electronic structure, chemical bonds, thermochemistry, chemical reactions, gaseous state, matter states, properties of solutions, acids, bases and equilibrium of acids and bases in aqueous solutions.

Irrigation water resources, hydraulics of wells, irrigation water quality, and salinity control. Water flow in pipelines and open canals, irrigation systems, and installations, the irrigation systems including surface water, sprinkler irrigation, and drip irrigation systems, programming and management of irrigation systems. Soil-water relationships and the basics of agricultural drainage.

Training students on soil testing processes and their relationship to irrigation by type, calculate the quantities of water needed for irrigation and install and maintain irrigation systems and repair and suitability of crops.

Introduction to food preservation, the use of refrigeration, drying, smoking, salting and others in food preservation, fermentation as a means of food preservation, chemical, biological and physical basis in food preservation, causes of various food spoilage and the role of enzymes and microorganisms in this regard, the mechanism of temporary and permanent preservation, scientific visits to laboratories and factories Manufacturing and preservation of various foods, scientific visits to various food processing and preserving plants.

This course deals with Human food requirements and needs, the problem of food shortages in the world, food production and food security, reduce food losses

The course includes two main parts that have an integrated relationship, where the first part includes agricultural marketing and briefly deals with the most important principles of marketing and its components from the market, consumer behavior and marketing channels in addition to e-marketing. Second part of the course in agricultural extension includes the most important principles of agricultural extension and a statement of links between agricultural science and farmers behavior, awareness and education of students in the main concepts and principles of agricultural extension that directed to farmers and rural society, methods of communication, and the role of agricultural extension in the development of resources, raising efficiency and productive merit, raising agricultural income through the dissemination and adoption of modern technology, in addition to the role of agricultural extension in educating farmers and their families regarding national problems, programs and policies, educating the rural women, in addition agricultural extension methods in Palestine.

This course is an a university elective requisite that is offered to all specializations. This course addresses library studies in a contextual introductory way which will prepare and help the student understand the nature of using libraries through studying the history of libraries, bibliography, indexing ,and classification, especially , Dewey's Decimal classification, the congress system so as – for the student- to be able to get the resources of knowledge heshe wants through acquiring the needed knowledge of using libraries and the skill in retrieving data which is offered to him her .

The course will cover history and scope of microbiology: prokaryotes cell structure and function, metabolism, and nutrition, microbial growth, requirements for growth, environmental factors affecting growth, effect of antimicrobial agents on growth, microbial genetics and gene cloning, bacterial and microbial taxonomy, major groups of bacteria, microorganisms and environment, immune response and antigen-antibody reaction in vitro.

This course gives the student the principles and practices of sustainable farm management using farm planning. Introduce students to develop and understand sustainable farm management on a farm scale and to start a new farm business plan using the entire principles of agricultural planning including goal setting, resource assessment, project analysis, crop production, livestock, soil health, pest control, and marketing.

This course is designed to provide an overview of physical and chemical properties of soils and to have a comprehensive understanding of the methods of evaluation. Physical topics include the movement of water, heat, gases, and solutes through the soil. Chemistry topics include solid and solution speciation, mineral solubility, ion exchange, and oxidation-reduction reactions with major features of liquid water and the chemical processes taking place in soil solution and the soil acidity and alkalinity.

This course aims to give students the opportunity to develop specific skills in the field of plant propagation skills in the field of plant production and the practical application of all the information and experiences obtained in plant production, and also includes academic tours outside the college in order to identify the status of agriculture and the methods and techniques used in plant production in Palestine.

The course deals with land and water in Palestine, the classification of Palestinian land and the area of reclaimed land and its importance, factors of low land productivity, sources of dissolved salts in soil, saline soils, methods of reclamation, sodic and alkaline soils and methods of reclamation, boron-rich soils and reclamation methods, and assessment of the validity of irrigation water.

This course deals with economic principles and special interest to natural resource economics. It focuses on the supply, demand, and allocation of the Earth’s natural resources.

This course aims to introduce students to civilization, its’ characteristics, patterns, and its relationship to civics and culture. It focuses on the study of Islamic civilization, its’ genesis, components, characteristics, contemporary problems and issues, such as the civilizational interaction between Islamic civilization and the West, the contributions of Muslim scholars to human civilization, the impact of Islamic civilization on global human civilization, and ways of transmission to various countries of the world. It also deals with scientific development, Islamic systems and institutions, architecture and arts in Islamic civilization.

This course deals with the historical and current sequence of Jerusalem and the possibility of analyzing the future path and identifying the political developments and dimensions of the Jerusalem issue in a comprehensive and objective manner since the ancient history related to the first presence of the human race in Palestine, ending with the latest political developments. The course includes 6 chapters distributed as follows: The geography of Jerusalem, Jerusalem in ancient times, Jerusalem in the Iron Age, Jerusalem in the Islamic era, Jerusalem under Ottoman rule, and Jerusalem in the 21st century.

The course aims to raise awareness of self-employment as a career choice, promote the means of self-development, provide technical and commercial skills to launch, promote and manage commercial projects. The course also included many activities based on interaction with the community and the market in innovation, creativity, communication, networking, leadership, presentation, building and presenting business plans, and adopted innovative and creative evaluation methods for the course.

Development of soil concept and importance. The process and soil-forming factors roles in soil profile development. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil. Soil-water relations. The soil water management practices. The role of organic matter in developing the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Classification and characteristics of soil minerals.

The development of agriculture and its importance globally and regionally and focusing on it locality. It includes agricultural climate, production elements, plant production in irrigated and rainfed areas, animal production, product marketing, agricultural mechanization, institutions working in agriculture, problems of agriculture in the region, and advanced and modern agricultural projects.

The course is designed to give an overview of typical wastewater characteristics, how this may affect relevant treatment processes, will be given, in addition to treatment and effluent requirements. The course will cover the theoretical foundation, and practical configurations, design, and operation of relevant wastewater treatment processes, including physical-, chemical- and biological processes. It also focuses on how to combine different treatment processes to meet present and future effluent requirements.

The course deals with the definition of different agricultural pests and pesticides, methods of pest control, especially chemical methods, economic importance of pesticides, history of pesticides, types of pesticides, their composition and methods of use, registration of pesticides and registration laws, and problems arising from the use of pesticides.

This course is designed to provide students with the concept of environmental management issues through the important role that environmental management systems play in contributing to the preservation of the environment. It defines the elements of management and environmental management systems, human economic activity through the conservation of raw materials and natural resources consumption. Demonstrate the requirements and advantages of environmental information and how to use environmental management systems to activate economic feasibility and competition. Demonstrate the role of environmental management systems in introducing regulations on compliance with laws and accuracy. It provides knowledge about measuring environmental performance and its impact on improving economic performance

An integrated approach to soil fertility and sustainable food production. The principles of soil formation and self-sustaining soil systems, biodiversity, biologically grown food, irrigation, water management, and social values are also discussed. Focus on crops and livestock management cases, minimizing the severe irreversible soil damages to Mediterranean ecosystems. Sustainable food production and organic farming for society. Food as a product, food policies

General Definition of Soil, Soil Formation, Soil Characteristics, Soil Water Relationships, Soil Composition Measurement, Soil Mechanical Analysis, Soil Mud Finding, Soil Moisture Content, Soil Water Voltage: Introduction to Voltage, Soil Water Compounds, Measurement Soil Water Voltage, Soil Water Voltage Relationships, Soil Water Motion, Darcy Law, Hydraulic Conductivity, Leach Physics, Soil Sampling Methods, Estimation of Bulk Density, Truth and Porosity of Soils, Determination of Moisture Content, Determination of Electrical Conductivity in Soils, Estimation of leaching.